MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Oct 28;71(43):1374-1378. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7143e2.
Vaccination with JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine, Bavarian Nordic) to prevent monkeypox commenced shortly after confirmation of the first monkeypox case in the current outbreak in the United States on May 17, 2022 (1). To date, more than 27,000 cases have been reported across all 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and Puerto Rico.* JYNNEOS vaccine is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a 0.5-mL 2-dose series administered subcutaneously 28 days apart to prevent smallpox and monkeypox infections (2) and has been found to provide protection against monkeypox infection during the current outbreak (3). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) allocated 1.1 million vials of JYNNEOS vaccine from the Strategic National Stockpile, with doses allocated to jurisdictions based on case counts and estimated size of population at risk (4). However, initial vaccine supplies were severely constrained relative to vaccine demand during the expanding outbreak. Some jurisdictions with highest incidence responded by prioritizing first dose administration during May-July (5,6). The FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) of 0.1 mL dosing for intradermal administration of JYNNEOS for persons aged ≥18 years on August 9, 2022, substantially expanded available vaccine supply (7). The U.S. vaccination strategy focuses primarily on persons with known or presumed exposures to monkeypox (8) or those at high risk for occupational exposure (9). Data on monkeypox vaccine doses administered and reported to CDC by U.S. jurisdictions were analyzed to assess vaccine administration and completion of the 2-dose series. A total of 931,155 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine were administered and reported to the CDC by 55 U.S. jurisdictions during May 22-October 10, 2022. Among persons who received ≥1 dose, 51.4% were non-Hispanic White (White), 22.5% were Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic), and 12.6% were non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black). The percentages of vaccine recipients who were Black (5.6%) and Hispanic (15.5%) during May 22-June 25 increased to 13.3% and 22.7%, respectively, during July 31-October 10. Among 496,888 persons who received a first dose and were eligible for a second dose during the study period, 57.6% received their second dose. Second dose receipt was highest among older adults, White persons, and those residing in the South U.S. Census Bureau Region. Tracking and addressing disparities in vaccination can reduce inequities, and equitable access to and acceptance of vaccine should be an essential factor in planning vaccination programs, events, and strategies. Receipt of both first and second doses is necessary for optimal protection against Monkeypox virus infection.
自 2022 年 5 月 17 日美国首次确认猴痘病例以来，人们开始接种 JYNNEOS 疫苗（改良痘苗安卡拉疫苗，巴伐利亚北欧公司）以预防猴痘（1）。截至目前，在美国 50 个州、哥伦比亚特区（DC）和波多黎各报告了超过 27000 例病例*。JYNNEOS 疫苗已获得美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的许可，可作为皮下注射的 0.5 毫升 2 剂系列药物使用，间隔 28 天使用，用于预防天花和猴痘感染（2），并且已被发现可在当前疫情中提供针对猴痘感染的保护（3）。美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）从战略国家储备中调拨了 110 万剂 JYNNEOS 疫苗，根据病例数和估计的高危人群数量向司法管辖区分配剂量（4）。然而，与疫情扩大期间的疫苗需求相比，最初的疫苗供应严重受限。一些发病率最高的司法管辖区在 5 月至 7 月期间采取了优先接种第一剂的措施（5,6）。2022 年 8 月 9 日，FDA 紧急使用授权（EUA）批准对 18 岁及以上人群进行 JYNNEOS 疫苗 0.1 毫升皮内给药，这大大增加了可用疫苗供应量（7）。美国的疫苗接种策略主要侧重于已知或假定接触过猴痘的人（8）或那些有职业暴露风险的人（9）。对美国各司法管辖区向 CDC 报告的猴痘疫苗剂量进行了分析，以评估疫苗接种和 2 剂系列的完成情况。在 2022 年 5 月 22 日至 10 月 10 日期间，美国 55 个司法管辖区共接种了 931155 剂 JYNNEOS 疫苗。在至少接种一剂的人群中，51.4%是非西班牙裔白人（白人），22.5%是西班牙裔或拉丁裔（西班牙裔），12.6%是非西班牙裔黑人和非洲裔美国人（黑人）。在 5 月 22 日至 6 月 25 日期间，接受疫苗接种的黑人（5.6%）和西班牙裔（15.5%）的比例分别上升至 7 月 31 日至 10 月 10 日的 13.3%和 22.7%。在研究期间接受第一剂并有资格接受第二剂的 496888 名接种者中，有 57.6%接受了第二剂。年龄较大的成年人、白人以及居住在美国南部美国人口普查局地区的人，第二剂接种率最高。跟踪和解决疫苗接种方面的差异可以减少不平等现象，并且公平获得和接受疫苗应该成为规划疫苗接种计划、活动和策略的一个重要因素。接种两剂疫苗对于预防猴痘病毒感染是必要的。
