MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 May 19;72(20):559-563. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7220a4.
In 2022, an international Monkeypox virus outbreak, characterized by transmission primarily through sexual contact among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), resulted in 375 monkeypox (mpox) cases in the state of New York outside of New York City (NYC).* The JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine, Bavarian Nordic), licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) against mpox as a 2-dose series, with doses administered 4 weeks apart, was deployed in a national vaccination campaign. Before this outbreak, evidence to support vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox was based on human immunologic and animal challenge studies (1-3). New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) conducted a case-control study to estimate JYNNEOS VE against diagnosed mpox in New York residents outside of NYC, using data from systematic surveillance reporting. A case-patient was defined as a man aged ≥18 years who received a diagnosis of mpox during July 24-October 31, 2022. Contemporaneous control patients were men aged ≥18 years with diagnosed rectal gonorrhea or primary syphilis and a history of male-to-male sexual contact, without mpox. Case-patients and control patients were matched to records in state immunization systems. JYNNEOS VE was estimated as 1 - odds ratio (OR) x 100, and JYNNEOS vaccination status (vaccinated versus unvaccinated) at the time of diagnosis was compared, using conditional logistic regression models that adjusted for week of diagnosis, region, patient age, and patient race and ethnicity. Among 252 eligible mpox case-patients and 255 control patients, the adjusted VE of 1 dose (received ≥14 days earlier) or 2 doses combined was 75.7% (95% CI = 48.5%-88.5%); the VE for 1 dose was 68.1% (95% CI = 24.9%-86.5%) and for 2 doses was 88.5% (95% CI = 44.1%-97.6%). These findings support recommended 2-dose JYNNEOS vaccination consistent with CDC and NYSDOH guidance.
2022 年，一场国际猴痘病毒疫情爆发，主要通过男同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）之间的性接触传播，导致纽约市（NYC）以外的纽约州出现 375 例猴痘（mpox）病例。*美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的 JYNNEOS 疫苗（改良痘苗病毒安卡拉疫苗，巴伐利亚北欧公司）作为两剂系列疫苗，每剂间隔 4 周，用于全国疫苗接种运动。在此次疫情爆发之前，支持针对猴痘的疫苗有效性（VE）的证据基于人体免疫和动物挑战研究（1-3）。纽约州卫生部（NYSDOH）使用系统监测报告中的数据，对在纽约市以外的纽约居民中针对诊断出的 mpox 的 JYNNEOS VE 进行了病例对照研究。病例患者定义为年龄≥18 岁的男性，在 2022 年 7 月 24 日至 10 月 31 日期间被诊断患有猴痘。同期对照患者为年龄≥18 岁的男性，患有直肠淋病或原发性梅毒，并具有男男性接触史，无猴痘。病例患者和对照患者与州免疫系统中的记录相匹配。使用调整诊断周、地区、患者年龄以及患者种族和民族的条件逻辑回归模型，估计 JYNNEOS VE 为 1-比值比（OR）x100，并比较诊断时 JYNNEOS 疫苗接种状态（接种与未接种）。在 252 名符合条件的 mpox 病例患者和 255 名对照患者中，1 剂（≥14 天前接种）或 2 剂联合接种的调整 VE 为 75.7%（95%CI=48.5%-88.5%）；1 剂的 VE 为 68.1%（95%CI=24.9%-86.5%），2 剂的 VE 为 88.5%（95%CI=44.1%-97.6%）。这些发现支持根据 CDC 和 NYSDOH 指南推荐的 2 剂 JYNNEOS 疫苗接种。
