Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Int J Med Sci. 2022 Oct 3;19(12):1787-1795. doi: 10.7150/ijms.73134. eCollection 2022.
In the past half century, humanity has experienced two devastating pandemics; the HIV-1 pandemic and the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Both emerged as zoonotic pathogens. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly migrated all over the world in less than two years, much as HIV-1 did almost 40 years ago. Despite these two RNA viruses being different in their mode of transmission as well as the symptoms they generate, recent evidence suggests that they cause similar immune responses. In this mini review, we compare the molecular basis for CD4 T cell lymphopenia and other effects on the immune system induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections. We considered features of the host immune response that are shared with HIV-1 and could account for the lymphopenia and other immune effects observed in COVID-19. The information provided herein, may cast the virus-induced lymphopenia and cytokine storm associated with the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis in a different light for further research on host immune responses. It can also provide opportunities for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some basic information to enable a comparative framework for considering the overlapping sets of immune responses caused by HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
在过去的半个世纪里，人类经历了两次毁灭性的大流行：HIV-1 大流行和最近由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的大流行。这两种病毒都是人畜共患病原体。有趣的是，SARS-CoV-2 在不到两年的时间里迅速传播到世界各地，就像 HIV-1 近 40 年前那样。尽管这两种 RNA 病毒在传播方式和引起的症状上有所不同，但最近的证据表明，它们会引起相似的免疫反应。在这篇迷你综述中，我们比较了 SARS-CoV-2 和 HIV-1 感染引起 CD4 T 细胞淋巴细胞减少和对免疫系统的其他影响的分子基础。我们考虑了与 HIV-1 共享的宿主免疫反应的特征，这些特征可能解释了 COVID-19 中观察到的淋巴细胞减少和其他免疫效应。本文提供的信息，可以为进一步研究宿主免疫反应，提供与急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染和发病机制相关的病毒诱导的淋巴细胞减少和细胞因子风暴的新视角。它也为识别 COVID-19 的新型治疗靶点提供了机会。此外，我们提供了一些基本信息，以便为考虑 HIV-1 和 SARS-CoV-2 引起的重叠免疫反应提供一个比较框架。
