Kazemifard Nesa, Dehkohneh Abolfazl, Baradaran Ghavami Shaghayegh
Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department 4 – Materials and the Environment, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 13;9:940454. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.940454. eCollection 2022.
Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed.
疫苗接种被定义为通过给予特定抗原刺激和发展适应性免疫系统。由于经济、社会和生物学条件的不同，疫苗在诱导免疫方面的效果在不同社会中存在差异。其中一个有影响的生物学因素是肠道微生物群。肠道细菌与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用在出生时微生物定植期间就已开始，并直接控制免疫反应以及对病原体定植的抵抗力。肠道微生物群组成的失衡，即生态失调，可通过适应性免疫系统的活动引发多种免疫紊乱，并损害对疫苗接种的充分反应。益生菌中使用的细菌通常是肠道微生物群的成员，它们对宿主具有健康益处。益生菌通常作为发酵食品的成分被食用，影响先天和后天免疫系统，并减少感染。本综述旨在讨论肠道微生物群在调节疫苗接种免疫反应中的作用，以及益生菌如何有助于诱导针对病原体的免疫反应。最后，还讨论了基于益生菌的口服疫苗及其效果。
