Ding Ye, Han Fei, Xie Zhencheng, Li Genyuan, Zhuang Yiding, Yin Jia, Fu Mingxian, You Jialu, Wang Zhixu
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 8;9:1081495. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1081495. eCollection 2022.
Chinese children are deficient in several essential nutrients due to poor dietary choices. Dairy products are a source of many under-consumed nutrients, but preschool children in China consume dairy products significantly less than the recommended level.
From the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children aged 0-6 years in China (2018-2019), preschool children (age: 3-6 years) ( = 676) were selected. The four-day dietary data (including 2 working days and 2 weekends) collected through an online diary with reference to the food atlas were used for analysis and simulation. In scenario 1, individual intake of liquid milk equivalents was substituted at a corresponding volume by soymilk, cow's milk, or formulated milk powder for preschool children (FMP-PSC). In scenario 2, the amount of cow's milk or FMP-PSC increased to ensure each child's dairy intake reached the recommended amount (350 g/day). In both scenarios, the simulated nutrient intakes and nutritional inadequacy or surplus were compared to the survey's actual baseline data.
It was suggested suggested that replacing dairy foods with FMP-PSC at matching volume is better than replacing them with soymilk or cow's milk to increase the intake of DHA, calcium, iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D. Moreover, our results suggested that adding FMP-PSC to bring each child's dairy intake to the recommended amount can bring the intakes of dietary fiber, DHA, calcium, iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D more in line with the recommendations when compared with cow's milk.
Accurate nutrition information should be provided to the parents of preschool children so as to guide their scientific consumption of dairy products and the usage and addition of fortified dairy products can be encouraged as needed.
由于饮食选择不佳，中国儿童缺乏多种必需营养素。乳制品是许多摄入不足营养素的来源，但中国学龄前儿童的乳制品摄入量明显低于推荐水平。
从中国0至6岁婴幼儿横断面饮食摄入调查（2018 - 2019年）中选取学龄前儿童（年龄：3至6岁）（n = 676）。通过参照食物图谱的在线日记收集的四天饮食数据（包括2个工作日和2个周末）用于分析和模拟。在方案1中，用豆浆、牛奶或配方奶粉（FMP - PSC）按相应体积替代学龄前儿童的液态奶当量个体摄入量。在方案2中，增加牛奶或FMP - PSC的量，以确保每个儿童的乳制品摄入量达到推荐量（350克/天）。在这两种方案中，将模拟的营养素摄入量和营养不足或过剩情况与调查的实际基线数据进行比较。
结果表明，用等量的FMP - PSC替代乳制品比用豆浆或牛奶替代能更好地增加DHA、钙、铁、锌、碘、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素C和维生素D的摄入量。此外，我们的结果表明，与牛奶相比，添加FMP - PSC使每个儿童的乳制品摄入量达到推荐量能使膳食纤维、DHA、钙、铁、锌、碘、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C和维生素D的摄入量更符合推荐量。
应向学龄前儿童家长提供准确的营养信息，以指导他们科学消费乳制品，并可根据需要鼓励使用和添加强化乳制品。
