Korenblik Vera, Brouwer Marlies E, Korosi Aniko, Denys Damiaan, Bockting Claudi L H, Brul Stanley, Lok Anja
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 5, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 5, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Neuropharmacology. 2023 Feb 1;223:109318. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109318. Epub 2022 Nov 9.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) refers to the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota and recent studies have linked the MGBA to health and disease. Research has so far investigated this axis mainly from microbiota to brain but less is known about the other direction. One approach to examine the MGBA from brain to microbiota is through understanding if and how neuromodulation might impact microbiota. Neuromodulation encompasses a wide range of stimulation techniques and is used to treat neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders, like Parkinson's Disease, depression and obesity. Here, we performed a systematic review to investigate whether neuromodulation is associated with subsequent changes in the gut microbiota. Searches in PsycINFO and MEDLINE were performed up to March 2022. Included studies needed to be clinical or preclinical studies comparing the effects of deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation or vagal nerve stimulation on the gut microbiota before and after treatment or between active and control groups. Seven studies were identified. Neuromodulation was associated with changes in relative bacterial abundances, but not with (changes in) α-diversity or β-diversity. Summarizing, currently reported findings suggest that neuromodulation interventions are associated with moderate changes in the gut microbiome. However, findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number and varying quality of included studies, as well as the large heterogeneity between studies. More research is required to more conclusively establish whether, and if so, via which mechanism(s) of action neuromodulation interventions might influence the gut microbiota.
微生物群-肠道-脑轴（MGBA）指的是大脑与肠道微生物群之间的双向交流，最近的研究已将微生物群-肠道-脑轴与健康和疾病联系起来。迄今为止，研究主要从微生物群到大脑的方向来探究这一轴，但对另一个方向的了解较少。从大脑到微生物群研究微生物群-肠道-脑轴的一种方法是了解神经调节是否以及如何影响微生物群。神经调节包括广泛的刺激技术，用于治疗神经、精神和代谢紊乱，如帕金森病、抑郁症和肥胖症。在此，我们进行了一项系统综述，以调查神经调节是否与肠道微生物群的后续变化相关。截至2022年3月，我们在PsycINFO和MEDLINE数据库中进行了检索。纳入的研究需要是临床或临床前研究，比较深部脑刺激、电休克治疗、重复经颅磁刺激、经颅直流电刺激或迷走神经刺激在治疗前后或治疗组与对照组之间对肠道微生物群的影响。共识别出7项研究。神经调节与细菌相对丰度的变化有关，但与α多样性或β多样性（的变化）无关。总之，目前报告的研究结果表明，神经调节干预与肠道微生物组的适度变化有关。然而，由于纳入研究的数量有限、质量各异，以及研究之间存在很大异质性，研究结果仍然没有定论。需要更多的研究来更确凿地确定神经调节干预是否以及如果是，通过何种作用机制可能影响肠道微生物群。
