肥胖成年人对运动与饮食干预的食欲及代谢反应
Appetitive and Metabolic Responses to an Exercise versus Dietary Intervention in Adults with Obesity.
作者信息
Purcell Sarah A, Legget Kristina T, Halliday Tanya M, Pan Zhaoxing, Creasy Seth A, Blankenship Jennifer M, Hild Allison, Tregellas Jason R, Melanson Edward L, Cornier Marc-Andre
机构信息
Division of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
出版信息
Transl J Am Coll Sports Med. 2022 Fall;7(4). doi: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000211. Epub 2022 Oct 14.
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Dietary restriction (DIET) and aerobic exercise (AEX) interventions may impact energy balance differently. Our aim was to describe the effects of weight loss interventions via DIET or AEX on measures of energy balance.
METHODS
Adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12 weeks of DIET or AEX with similar calorie deficit goals. A study day was conducted before and after the intervention to assess subjective and hormonal (ghrelin, peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1) appetite responses to a control meal, energy intake (EI) at a single meal, and over three days of free-living conditions and eating behavior traits. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured with indirect calorimetry and adjusted for body composition measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Non-exercise activity was measured using accelerometers.
RESULTS
Forty-four individuals were included (age: 37 ± 9 years, body mass index: 30.6 ± 3.1 kg/m). Both interventions resulted in weight and fat mass loss. The DIET group lost fat-free mass, although differences between groups were not significant (DIET: -1.2 ± 1.7 kg, p<0.001; AEX: 0.4 ± 1.5 kg, p=0.186; p=0.095 interaction). There were no differences in RMR after body composition adjustment. Both interventions were associated with an increase in dietary restraint (DIET: 4.9 ± 1.2, AEX: 2.8 ± 0.7; p<0.001 in both groups). Hunger decreased with DIET (-1.4 ± 0.5, p=0.003), and disinhibition decreased with AEX (-1.5 ± 0.5, p<0.001), although these changes were not different between groups (i.e., no group × time interaction). No other differences in appetite, EI, or non-exercise physical activity were observed within or between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
AEX did not result in compensatory alterations in appetite, EI, or physical activity, despite assumed increased energy expenditure. Modest evidence also suggested that disinhibition and hunger may be differentially impacted by weight loss modality.
引言/目的：饮食限制（DIET）和有氧运动（AEX）干预对能量平衡的影响可能不同。我们的目的是描述通过DIET或AEX进行减肥干预对能量平衡指标的影响。
方法
超重或肥胖的成年人被随机分配到为期12周的DIET或AEX组，两组的卡路里赤字目标相似。在干预前后各进行一天的研究，以评估对对照餐的主观和激素（胃饥饿素、肽YY、胰高血糖素样肽-1）食欲反应、单餐能量摄入量（EI）以及三天自由生活条件下的能量摄入量和饮食行为特征。通过间接测热法测量静息代谢率（RMR），并根据双能X线吸收法测量的身体成分进行调整。使用加速度计测量非运动活动。
结果
纳入44名个体（年龄：37±9岁，体重指数：30.6±3.1kg/m²）。两种干预均导致体重和脂肪量减少。DIET组瘦体重减少，尽管组间差异不显著（DIET组：-1.2±1.7kg，p<0.001；AEX组：0.4±1.5kg，p=0.186；交互作用p=0.095）。身体成分调整后，RMR无差异。两种干预均与饮食抑制增加有关（DIET组：4.9±1.2，AEX组：2.8±0.7；两组p<0.001）。DIET组饥饿感降低（-1.4±0.5，p=0.003），AEX组去抑制作用降低（-1.5±0.5，p<0.001），尽管这些变化在组间无差异（即无组×时间交互作用）。组内或组间在食欲、EI或非运动身体活动方面未观察到其他差异。
结论
尽管假设能量消耗增加，但AEX并未导致食欲、EI或身体活动的代偿性改变。适度的证据还表明，去抑制作用和饥饿感可能受到减肥方式的不同影响。
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