Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 21;13:1000919. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000919. eCollection 2022.
Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective.
青春期是人生的一个关键阶段，与性成熟相关的生理变化有关，是一个受多种内分泌和遗传控制的复杂过程。青春期是由激素驱动的，它会影响肠道微生物组（GM）。青春期开始时，男女之间的 GM 差异就出现了，这证实了微生物群和性激素之间存在关系。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们概述了性早熟和性早熟（PP）中 GM 的变化，以便从儿科内分泌学的角度考虑性荷尔蒙-肠道微生物组轴的作用。不同的研究提出了 GM 和性激素之间的双向相互作用。尽管在儿科患者中，关于微生物群和性激素之间相互作用的证据仍然有限，但 GM 改变可能发生在中枢性性早熟（CPP）女孩中的证据，代表了对 PP 预测和预防的一个有趣发现。深入了解性激素与微生物组变化之间的联系，可以通过提供儿科内分泌学的视角，为青春期疾病实施针对微生物组的治疗方法。
