Chutimanukul Panita, Jindamol Hathairut, Thongtip Akira, Korinsak Siripar, Romyanon Kanokwan, Toojinda Theerayut, Darwell Clive Terence, Wanichananan Praderm, Panya Atikorn, Kaewsri Wilailak, Auvuchanon Anyamanee, Mosaleeyanon Kriengkrai, Chutimanukul Preuk
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand.
Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Oct 21;13:1008917. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008917. eCollection 2022.
Holy basil ( L.) is a widely used herb containing several bioactive compounds of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plant factories using artificial lighting (PFAL) is a modern agricultural system that offers opportunity to improve crop production and stabilizes productivity in many herbal plants. However, little is known about the variation among holy basil varieties that can be cultivated and provide reasonable biomass and bioactive compounds in PFAL. We therefore evaluated 10 Thai accessions and two commercial cultivars in a PFAL (with hydroponic cultivation) to categorize cultivar characteristics by investigating physiological responses and secondary metabolite variation at plant flowering stage. Among Thai varieties, net photosynthetic rate () was significantly highest in varieties OC059 and OC081. The greatest growth and biomass measures were observed in OC064. Antioxidant capacity also varied, with the greatest accumulation of total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay in OC064, and highest terpenoid content in OC194. The accumulation of major compounds confirmed by showing the highest levels of eugenol in OC057, OC063, OC194, and OC195 and methyl eugenol in OC072 and OC081. The highest α-humulene content was found in OC059. PCA based on physiological responses and secondary metabolites indicate that OC064 was clearly distinguished from other cultivars/accessions. These findings demonstrate variation across holy basil accessions for physiologic responses, antioxidant capacity, and secondary compounds in PFAL. These insights lead to identification of suitable varieties which is the most important step of developing an efficient method for producing high quality raw materials of Thai holy basil for supplying the foods and pharmaceutical industries.
圣罗勒（Ocimum sanctum L.）是一种广泛应用的草药，含有多种对食品和制药行业有重要意义的生物活性化合物。利用人工光照的植物工厂（PFAL）是一种现代农业系统，为提高作物产量以及稳定许多草药植物的生产力提供了契机。然而，对于能够在PFAL中种植并提供合理生物量和生物活性化合物的圣罗勒品种间的差异，人们了解甚少。因此，我们在一个PFAL（采用水培种植）中评估了10个泰国种质和2个商业栽培品种，通过在植物开花阶段调查生理反应和次生代谢物变异来分类品种特征。在泰国品种中，OC059和OC081品种的净光合速率（Pn）显著最高。在OC064中观察到最大的生长量和生物量指标。抗氧化能力也有所不同，OC064中总酚化合物（TPC）、类黄酮的积累量最大，通过DPPH法测定的抗氧化活性最高，而OC194中的萜类化合物含量最高。通过显示OC057、OC063、OC194和OC195中丁香酚含量最高以及OC072和OC081中甲基丁香酚含量最高，证实了主要化合物的积累情况。在OC059中发现了最高的α-葎草烯含量。基于生理反应和次生代谢物的主成分分析（PCA）表明，OC064与其他品种/种质明显区分开来。这些发现表明，在PFAL中，圣罗勒种质在生理反应、抗氧化能力和次生化合物方面存在差异。这些见解有助于识别合适的品种，这是开发一种高效方法以生产用于供应食品和制药行业的高质量泰国圣罗勒原料的最重要步骤。
