Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 7;12(1):18894. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23266-x.
The oral microbiota is emerging as an influential factor of host physiology and disease state. Factors influencing oral microbiota composition have not been well characterised. In particular, there is a lack of population-based studies. We undertook a large hypothesis-free study of the saliva microbiota, considering potential influential factors of host health (frailty; diet; periodontal disease), demographics (age; sex; BMI) and sample processing (storage time), in a sample (n = 679) of the TwinsUK cohort of adult twins. Alpha and beta diversity of the saliva microbiota was associated most strongly with frailty (alpha diversity: β = -0.16, Q = 0.003, Observed; β = -0.16, Q = 0.002, Shannon; β = -0.16, Q = 0.003, Simpson; Beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity) and age (alpha diversity: β = 0.15, Q = 0.006, Shannon; β = 0.12, Q = 0.003, Simpson; beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity; Q = 0.032, Weighted UniFrac) in multivariate models including age, frailty, sex, BMI, frailty and diet, and adjustment for multiple testing. Those with a more advanced age were more likely to be dissimilar in the saliva microbiota composition than younger participants (P = 5.125e-06, ANOVA). In subsample analyses, including consideration of periodontal disease (total n = 138, periodontal disease n = 66), the association with frailty remained for alpha diversity (Q = 0.002, Observed ASVs; Q = 0.04 Shannon Index), but not beta diversity, whilst age was not demonstrated to associate with alpha or beta diversity in this subsample, potentially due to insufficient statistical power. Length of time that samples were stored prior to sequencing was associated with beta diversity (Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity). Six bacterial taxa were associated with age after adjustment for frailty and diet. Of the factors studied, frailty and age emerged as the most influential with regards to saliva microbiota composition. Whilst age and frailty are correlates, the associations were independent of each other, giving precedence to both biological and chronological ageing as processes of potential importance when considering saliva microbiota composition.
口腔微生物群作为宿主生理和疾病状态的一个影响因素正在兴起。影响口腔微生物群组成的因素尚未得到很好的描述。特别是，缺乏基于人群的研究。我们对唾液微生物群进行了一项大型无假设研究，考虑了宿主健康的潜在影响因素（脆弱性；饮食；牙周病）、人口统计学因素（年龄；性别；BMI）和样本处理（储存时间），在英国双胞胎队列的成人双胞胎样本（n=679）中进行了研究。唾液微生物群的 alpha 和 beta 多样性与脆弱性最密切相关（alpha 多样性：β=-0.16，Q=0.003，Observed；β=-0.16，Q=0.002，Shannon；β=-0.16，Q=0.003，Simpson；Beta 多样性：Q=0.002，Bray Curtis 不相似性）和年龄（alpha 多样性：β=0.15，Q=0.006，Shannon；β=0.12，Q=0.003，Simpson；beta 多样性：Q=0.002，Bray Curtis 不相似性；Q=0.032，加权 UniFrac）在包括年龄、脆弱性、性别、BMI、脆弱性和饮食的多变量模型中，并进行了多次测试调整。那些年龄较大的人在唾液微生物群组成上比年轻参与者更有可能存在差异（P=5.125e-06，ANOVA）。在亚组分析中，包括考虑牙周病（总 n=138，牙周病 n=66），脆弱性与 alpha 多样性的关联仍然存在（Q=0.002，Observed ASVs；Q=0.04 Shannon Index），但 beta 多样性则不然，而年龄在这个亚组中与 alpha 或 beta 多样性没有关联，这可能是由于统计能力不足。样本在测序前储存的时间与 beta 多样性有关（Q=0.002，Bray Curtis 不相似性）。在调整了脆弱性和饮食因素后，有 6 个细菌分类群与年龄相关。在所研究的因素中，脆弱性和年龄是与唾液微生物群组成最相关的因素。虽然年龄和脆弱性是相关的，但它们之间的关联是相互独立的，这表明生物和时间老化都是考虑唾液微生物群组成时的重要过程。
