Kumar Sandeep, Behera Joshil Kumar, Mondal Himel, Singh Poonam
Department of Physiology, ESI Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, India.
Department of Physiology, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Aug;11(8):4582-4587. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_99_22. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
During pregnancy, women undergo adaptive changes in different organ systems including the respiratory system by hormonal changes and mechanical pressures. Several previous studies reported the change in pulmonary functions in pregnancy and tribal populations. However, trimester-wise, pulmonary functions in tribal women residing in Jharkhand, India, are not available.
This study aimed to find and compare the pulmonary function test parameters in tribal and non-tribal women in singleton first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy.
We conducted this cross-sectional observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand, India, with 58 tribal women and 116 age-matched controls. The pulmonary function tests, namely forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured with a computerized spirometer (Spiro Excel, Medicaid, Punjab, India) and FEV1/FVC was calculated.
A total of 58 tribal women with median age 22 (Q1-Q3: 21-25) years and 116 non-tribal women with median age 22 (20-25) (=0.33) participated in the study. The tribal women showed higher respiratory rate (20 [18-24.5] vs. 16 [15-18] per minute, <.0001), higher MMEF in the first trimester (1.46 [1.12-1.79] vs. 1.24 [1.04-1.5] L/s, =0.047) and higher PEFR (4.02 [2.78-4.11] vs. 3.15 [2.58-3.87] L/s, =.047) in the second trimester. There was no difference in the third trimester of pregnancy. In the overall sample, the tribal women showed higher PEFR (3.82 [2.96-4.33] vs. 3.3 [2.73-4.05] L/s, =.02) and MMEF (1.43 [0.99-1.7] vs. 1.21 [1-1.47] L/s, =.04).
The respiratory rate was higher in the tribal women in the three trimesters of singleton pregnancy compared to the non-tribal women. There was a higher MMEF in the first trimester and PEFR in the second-trimester pregnancy in the tribal women. The finding of this pilot study should be enhanced by further study with a large number of tribal women from this region.
在孕期，女性身体的不同器官系统会发生适应性变化，包括呼吸系统，这是由激素变化和机械压力引起的。此前已有多项研究报道了孕期及部落人群肺功能的变化。然而，关于印度贾坎德邦部落女性孕期各阶段的肺功能情况尚无相关研究。
本研究旨在发现并比较部落和非部落女性单胎妊娠第一、第二和第三孕期的肺功能测试参数。
我们在印度贾坎德邦的一家三级护理医院开展了这项横断面观察性研究，研究对象包括58名部落女性和116名年龄匹配的对照者。使用计算机化肺活量计（Spiro Excel，印度旁遮普邦医疗补助公司）测量肺功能测试指标，即用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、呼气峰值流速（PEFR）、最大呼气中期流速（MMEF），并计算FEV1/FVC。
共有58名中位年龄为22岁（四分位数间距：21 - 25岁）的部落女性和116名中位年龄为22岁（20 - 25岁）（P = 0.33）的非部落女性参与了本研究。部落女性的呼吸频率更高（每分钟20次[18 - 24.5次]对16次[15 - 18次]，P <.0001），第一孕期的MMEF更高（1.46升/秒[1.12 - 1.79升/秒]对1.24升/秒[1.04 - 1.5升/秒]，P = 0.047），第二孕期的PEFR更高（4.02升/秒[2.78 - 4.11升/秒]对3.15升/秒[2.58 - 3.87升/秒]，P =.047）。妊娠第三孕期无差异。在总体样本中，部落女性的PEFR更高（3.82升/秒[2.96 - 4.33升/秒]对3.3升/秒[2.73 - 4.05升/秒]，P =.02），MMEF更高（1.43升/秒[0.99 - 1.7升/秒]对1.21升/秒[1 - 1.47升/秒]，P =.04）。
与非部落女性相比，部落女性单胎妊娠三个孕期的呼吸频率更高。部落女性在第一孕期的MMEF和第二孕期的PEFR更高。本初步研究的结果应通过对该地区大量部落女性进行进一步研究来加以强化。
