Molecular Detection of , the Main Vector of the Syndrome 'Basses Richesses' in Sugar Beet.

Monitoring of (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae), representing the main vector of the syndrome 'basses richesses' (SBR) disease in sugar beet is based on morphological identification. However, two other cixiid species, and with similar external characters are known to appear in sugar beet fields and are challenging to be distinguished from . We present a PCR-based method for species-specific detection of both male and female , directly after sweep net collection or after up to 18 months long term storage on sticky traps. Two methods of DNA template preparation, based on a commercial extraction kit or on simple grinding in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were compared. The latter method was also established for eggs and all five nymphal instars of from a rearing. Furthermore, in silico primer analysis showed that all Auchenorrhyncha species including far related species reported from sugar beet fields can be differentiated from . This was PCR-confirmed for the most common Auchenorrhyncha species from different German sugar beet fields. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene () amplicon showed a close relationship to from but separated from the and species which are grouped into the same family Cixiidae. We present a sensitive, cost- and time-saving PCR-based method for reliable and specific detection of eggs and all nymphal instars, as well as male and female , after different methods of planthopper collection and template DNA template preparation that can be used in large scale monitoring assays.