Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Biomolecules. 2022 Oct 25;12(11):1557. doi: 10.3390/biom12111557.
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.
胰岛素家族包括胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子 2（IGF-2）、它们的受体（IR、IGF-1R 和 IGF-2R）和它们的结合蛋白。由于它们具有同源序列和结构相似性，所有这三种配体都参与细胞增殖、凋亡、蛋白质合成和代谢。胰岛素样生长因子 2 作为胰岛素家族的一员，通过与三种具有不同亲和力的受体结合，在胚胎发育、代谢紊乱和肿瘤发生中发挥重要作用。各种纤维化疾病的主要病理特征是组织和器官损伤后细胞外基质（ECM）的过度沉积，最终由于疤痕形成取代组织实质而导致器官功能障碍。作为有丝分裂原因子，IGF-2 在许多纤维化疾病中过度表达。它可以显著促进成纤维细胞的增殖，并在时间和剂量依赖性方式下产生 ECM。本综述旨在描述 IGF-2 在皮肤、口腔、心脏、肺、肝和肾纤维化组织中的表达变化和促纤维化作用。
