Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, No.1 Hunan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng 252059, China.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Oct 25;13(11):1945. doi: 10.3390/genes13111945.
Lack of archaeological and whole-genome diversity data has restricted current knowledge of the evolutionary history of donkeys. With the advancement of science and technology, the discovery of archaeological evidence, the development of molecular genetics, and the improvement of whole-genome sequencing technology, the in-depth understanding of the origin and domestication of donkeys has been enhanced, however. Given the lack of systematic research, the present study carefully screened and collected multiple academic papers and books, journals, and literature on donkeys over the past 15 years. The origin and domestication of donkeys are reviewed in this paper from the aspects of basic information, cultural origin, bioarcheology, mitochondrial and chromosomal microsatellite sequences, and whole-genome sequence comparison. It also highlights and reviews genome assembly technology, by assembling the genome of an individual organism and comparing it with related sample genomes, which can be used to produce more accurate results through big data statistics, analysis, and computational correlation models. Background: The donkey industry in the world and especially in China is developing rapidly, and donkey farming is transforming gradually from the family farming model to large-scale, intensive, and integrated industrial operations, which could ensure the stability of product quality and quantity. However, theoretical research on donkey breeding and its technical development lags far behind that of other livestock, thereby limiting its industrial development. This review provides holistic information for the donkey industry and researchers, that could promote theoretical research, genomic selection (GS), and reproductive management of the donkey population.
考古和全基因组多样性数据的缺乏限制了人们对驴的进化历史的现有认识。随着科学技术的进步，考古证据的发现、分子遗传学的发展以及全基因组测序技术的改进，人们对驴的起源和驯化有了更深入的了解。然而，由于缺乏系统的研究，本研究仔细筛选并收集了过去 15 年中关于驴的多个学术论文和书籍、期刊和文献。本文从基本信息、文化起源、生物考古学、线粒体和染色体微卫星序列以及全基因组序列比较等方面回顾了驴的起源和驯化。它还强调并回顾了基因组组装技术，通过组装单个生物体的基因组并将其与相关样本基因组进行比较，可以通过大数据统计、分析和计算相关模型来获得更准确的结果。背景：世界范围内特别是中国的驴产业发展迅速，驴养殖正逐渐从家庭养殖模式向规模化、集约化、一体化的产业经营模式转变，这可以保证产品质量和数量的稳定。然而，驴养殖的理论研究及其技术发展远远落后于其他家畜，从而限制了其产业发展。本综述为驴产业和研究人员提供了全面的信息，有助于促进驴种群的理论研究、基因组选择（GS）和繁殖管理。
