Egbewale Bolaji Emmanuel, Karlsson Omar, Sudfeld Christopher Robert
Takemi Program In International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria.
Children (Basel). 2022 Nov 9;9(11):1722. doi: 10.3390/children9111722.
Given the disproportionate burden of childhood diarrhea deaths in Nigeria, this study assessed the prevalence and predictors of the disease and the uptake of ORS and zinc supplementation as treatments in a population-based national survey. Cross-sectional data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey were used. A log-Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) for the individual-level predictors of childhood diarrhea and the uptake of ORS and zinc treatments. A total of 30,713 children under 5 years of age were included in the survey. The period prevalence of reported diarrhea in the last two weeks was 12.9% (95% CI: 12.5%, 13.3%). Among the children with diarrhea, the proportion who received ORS was 39.7% (95% CI: 38.2%, 41.3%), while 29.1% of them received zinc supplements (95% CI: 27.7%, 30.5%), and 21.8% of them received both the ORS and zinc treatments as recommended. Children under 6 months of age with diarrhea had a significantly lower likelihood of being given ORS or zinc when they were compared to the older children. The institutional delivery of them, maternal employment, and improved water sources were also independent predictors of the uptake of ORS and zinc treatments for diarrhea (p-values < 0.05). Interventions to prevent childhood diarrhea and improve the coverage of ORS and zinc treatments may reduce the large burden of childhood diarrhea deaths in Nigeria.
鉴于尼日利亚儿童腹泻死亡负担过重，本研究在一项基于人群的全国性调查中评估了该疾病的患病率、预测因素以及口服补液盐（ORS）和锌补充剂作为治疗方法的使用情况。使用了2018年尼日利亚人口与健康调查的横断面数据。采用对数泊松回归来估计儿童腹泻个体水平预测因素以及ORS和锌治疗使用情况的相对风险（RR）。该调查共纳入了30713名5岁以下儿童。过去两周报告的腹泻期间患病率为12.9%（95%置信区间：12.5%，13.3%）。在腹泻儿童中，接受ORS的比例为39.7%（95%置信区间：38.2%，41.3%），而接受锌补充剂的比例为29.1%（95%置信区间：27.7%，30.5%），其中21.8%按照推荐同时接受了ORS和锌治疗。与年龄较大的儿童相比，6个月以下腹泻儿童接受ORS或锌的可能性显著更低。其机构分娩、母亲就业以及改善的水源也是腹泻时接受ORS和锌治疗的独立预测因素（p值<0.05）。预防儿童腹泻以及提高ORS和锌治疗覆盖率的干预措施可能会减轻尼日利亚儿童腹泻死亡的巨大负担。
