Institute of Spatial Management and Geography, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, Plac Kościeleckich 8, 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113977.
There have been changes in social attitudes in recent years. These changes have been a consequence of a new societal view of the common good, which manifests itself in social responsibility for a clean and healthy environment. The outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the socio-spatial variation across regions and countries. The epidemic necessitated restrictive measures by state authorities. In the initial period in many countries, the actions of the authorities were identical throughout the country. This was mainly due to a lack of information about the differentiation of areas in relation to the epidemic risk. The aim of the research was to present a model for classifying rural areas taking into account vulnerability to epidemic threats. The model takes into account demographic, social, economic and spatial-environmental development factors. A total of 33 indicators based on public statistics that can be used to determine the area's vulnerability to epidemic threats were identified. The study showed that for Poland, 11 indicators are statistically significant to the developed classification model. The study found that social factors were vital in determining an area's vulnerability to epidemic threats. We include factors such as average number of persons per one apartment, village centers (number), events (number), number of people per facility (cultural center, community center, club, community hall), residents of nursing homes per 1000 inhabitants, and the number of children in pre-school education establishments per 1000 children aged 3-5 years. The research area was rural areas in Poland. The results of the classification and the methods used should be made available as a resource for crisis management. This will enable a better response to threats from other epidemics in the future, and will influence the remodeling of the environment and social behavior to reduce risks at this risk, which has a significant impact on sustainable development in rural areas.
近年来，社会态度发生了变化。这些变化是新的社会共同利益观的结果，这种观念表现在对清洁和健康环境的社会责任上。COVID-19 疫情的爆发和传播突显了不同地区和国家的社会空间差异。疫情要求国家当局采取限制措施。在许多国家的最初阶段，当局在全国范围内采取了相同的行动。这主要是由于缺乏有关与疫情风险相关的地区差异的信息。本研究的目的是提出一个考虑到对疫情威胁的脆弱性的农村地区分类模型。该模型考虑了人口、社会、经济和空间环境发展因素。共确定了 33 个基于公共统计数据的指标，可用于确定该地区对疫情威胁的脆弱性。研究表明，对于波兰，11 个指标对发达的分类模型具有统计学意义。研究发现，社会因素对于确定一个地区对疫情威胁的脆弱性至关重要。我们包括了一些因素，如每间公寓的平均人数、村庄中心（数量）、活动（数量）、每设施的人数（文化中心、社区中心、俱乐部、社区礼堂）、每 1000 名居民的养老院居民，以及每 1000 名 3-5 岁儿童的学前教育机构儿童人数。研究区域是波兰的农村地区。分类结果和使用的方法应作为危机管理的资源提供。这将使我们能够更好地应对未来其他疫情的威胁，并影响环境和社会行为的重塑，以降低这一风险，这对农村地区的可持续发展有重大影响。
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