National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 100050, China.
George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100600, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 7;14(21):4698. doi: 10.3390/nu14214698.
We determined whether a town-level comprehensive intervention program could lower the salt intake of a population. The parallel, cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out between October 2018 and January 2020 in 48 towns from 12 counties across 6 provinces in China. All participants were asked to complete the 24 h urine collections, anthropometric measurements and questionnaires at the baseline and one-year post-intervention survey. A total of 2693 participants aged 18 to 75 years were recruited at the baseline. A total of 1347 individuals in 24 towns were allocated to the intervention group and the others were allocated to the control group. Valid information from 2335 respondents was collected in the follow-up survey. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 189.7 mmol/24 h for the intervention group and 196.1 mmol/24 h for the control group at baseline. At a one-year follow-up, the mean effect of salt intake did not show a significant change (p = 0.31) in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, the mean result of potassium excretion in the intervention group increased by 2.18 mmol/24 h (85.03 mg/24 h) (p = 0.004) and systolic blood pressure decreased by 2.95 mmHg (p < 0.001). The salt-related knowledge and attitude toward salt reduction improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). A longer period of intervention and follow-up assessment might be needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the program on salt reduction.
我们旨在确定一项乡镇综合干预项目是否能降低人群的盐摄入量。这项平行、群组随机对照试验于 2018 年 10 月至 2020 年 1 月在中国 6 个省的 12 个县的 48 个乡镇进行。所有参与者均被要求在基线和干预一年后的调查中完成 24 小时尿液采集、人体测量和问卷调查。基线时共招募了 2693 名 18 至 75 岁的参与者。24 个乡镇中共有 1347 人被分配到干预组，其余人被分配到对照组。在随访调查中，共收集到 2335 名应答者的有效信息。干预组 24 小时尿钠排泄量为 189.7mmol/24 h，对照组为 196.1mmol/24 h。在一年的随访中，与对照组相比，干预组盐摄入量的平均效果没有显著变化（p = 0.31）。然而，干预组钾排泄量的平均结果增加了 2.18mmol/24 h（85.03mg/24 h）（p = 0.004），收缩压降低了 2.95mmHg（p < 0.001）。干预组的盐相关知识和减盐态度显著改善（p < 0.05）。可能需要更长的干预和随访评估时间来评估该项目对盐摄入量减少的长期效果。
