Hossain Md Kamal, Davidson Majid, Kypreos Erica, Feehan Jack, Muir Joshua Alexander, Nurgali Kulmira, Apostolopoulos Vasso
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia.
College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Oct 22;10(11):1778. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10111778.
Substance use disorders (SUD) are a serious public health concern globally. Existing treatment platforms suffer from a lack of effectiveness. The development of immunotherapies against these substances of abuse for both prophylactic and therapeutic use has gained tremendous importance as an alternative and/or supplementary to existing therapies. Significant development has been made in this area over the last few decades. Herein, we highlight the vaccine and other biologics development strategies, preclinical, clinical updates along with challenges and future directions. Articles were searched in PubMed, ClinicalTrial.gov, and google electronic databases relevant to development, preclinical, clinical trials of nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioid vaccines. Various new emerging vaccine development strategies for SUD were also identified through this search and discussed. A good number of vaccine candidates demonstrated promising results in preclinical and clinical phases and support the concept of developing a vaccine for SUD. However, there have been no ultimate success as yet, and there remain some challenges with a massive push to take more candidates to clinical trials for further evaluation to break the bottleneck.
物质使用障碍（SUD）是全球严重的公共卫生问题。现有的治疗平台缺乏有效性。开发针对这些滥用物质的免疫疗法用于预防和治疗，作为现有疗法的替代和/或补充，已变得极为重要。在过去几十年里，该领域取得了重大进展。在此，我们重点介绍疫苗及其他生物制剂的开发策略、临床前和临床进展，以及面临的挑战和未来方向。在PubMed、ClinicalTrial.gov和谷歌电子数据库中搜索了与尼古丁、可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和阿片类疫苗的开发、临床前和临床试验相关的文章。通过此次搜索还确定并讨论了各种新兴的SUD疫苗开发策略。大量候选疫苗在临床前和临床阶段显示出有前景的结果，支持开发SUD疫苗的概念。然而，目前尚未取得最终成功，在大力推动更多候选疫苗进入临床试验进行进一步评估以突破瓶颈方面仍存在一些挑战。
