École Pasteur-Cnam de Santé Publique, Paris, France; These authors contributed equally.
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France E-mail:
J Water Health. 2022 Feb;20(2):356-368. doi: 10.2166/wh.2022.232.
Freshwater sports expose practitioners to pathogens in the water environment and may result in infection. In French Brittany, these infections are particularly worrying, especially since 2016 with an increase in the incidence of leptospirosis reaching 1 case per 100,000 inhabitants, which represents the highest incidence observed since 1920. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of infectious diseases related to freshwater sports practice and to identify the factors associated with these infections among freshwater sports licensees in Brittany, France. From March 18, 2019, to May 8, 2019, we interviewed freshwater sports licensees (online study) and club presidents and instructors (phone study) in Brittany. Licensee participants were 18 years old or more and practiced at least one freshwater sport in one of the 79 Brittany clubs. We used logistic regression models to study the association between our variables of interest and potential risk factors. In total, 551 licensees (20.3% of the total number of licensees) and 38 clubs (48.1%) were surveyed. Among the licensees, 29 (5.3%) reported being diagnosed with leptospirosis, of which 12 (41.3%) occurred in the last 5 years. The most reported symptoms were skin irritation/itchy skin (24.3%) and 39 individuals (7.1%) reported at least one hospitalization in their lifetime for a disease related to freshwater sports. The occurrence of leptospirosis was negatively associated with boarding from a pontoon (odds ratio (OR)=0.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.06-0.56), practicing for less than 4 years (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.56) compared to more than 10 years, and the occurrence of leptospirosis was positively associated with taking a soapy shower after practice (OR=4.38, 95% CI 1.90-10.51). Eskimo roll was positively associated with the occurrence of otitis and conjunctivitis (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.82-6.03), and skin irritation/itchy skin (OR=1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.84). Otitis, conjunctivitis, and skin irritation/itchy skin are the most commonly reported freshwater sport-related diseases in French Brittany. Despite a good level of knowledge of prevention measures, their implementation by licensees and clubs remains low. Further studies are needed to identify practices associated with infectious risk in freshwater sports.
淡水运动使从业者接触到水环境中的病原体，并可能导致感染。在法国布列塔尼，这些感染尤其令人担忧，特别是自 2016 年以来，钩端螺旋体病的发病率上升到每 10 万人中有 1 例，这是自 1920 年以来观察到的最高发病率。我们旨在估计与淡水运动实践相关的传染病的患病率，并确定法国布列塔尼淡水运动许可证持有者中与这些感染相关的因素。2019 年 3 月 18 日至 5 月 8 日，我们对布列塔尼的淡水运动许可证持有者（在线研究）和俱乐部主席和教练（电话研究）进行了采访。许可证持有者年龄在 18 岁或以上，并且在布列塔尼的 79 个俱乐部中至少从事一项淡水运动。我们使用逻辑回归模型研究了我们感兴趣的变量和潜在危险因素之间的关联。共有 551 名许可证持有者（占许可证持有者总数的 20.3%）和 38 个俱乐部（48.1%）接受了调查。在这些许可证持有者中，有 29 人（5.3%）报告被诊断患有钩端螺旋体病，其中 12 人（41.3%）发生在过去 5 年内。报告最多的症状是皮肤刺激/瘙痒（24.3%），39 人（7.1%）报告因与淡水运动相关的疾病至少住院一次。钩端螺旋体病的发生与从浮码头登船（比值比（OR）=0.20，95%置信区间（95%CI）0.06-0.56）呈负相关，与 4 年以下（OR=0.17，95%CI 0.04-0.56）相比，10 年以上的练习呈负相关，钩端螺旋体病的发生与运动后洗肥皂澡呈正相关（OR=4.38，95%CI 1.90-10.51）。爱斯基摩翻滚与中耳炎和结膜炎（OR=3.22，95%CI 1.82-6.03）和皮肤刺激/瘙痒（OR=1.66，95%CI 0.99-2.84）的发生呈正相关。中耳炎、结膜炎和皮肤刺激/瘙痒是法国布列塔尼最常报告的与淡水运动相关的疾病。尽管许可证持有者和俱乐部对预防措施有很好的了解，但他们的执行率仍然很低。需要进一步研究以确定与淡水运动中的感染风险相关的做法。
