Kumar Manish, Sridharan Srinidhi, Sawarkar Ankush D, Shakeel Adnan, Anerao Prathmesh, Mannina Giorgio, Sharma Prabhakar, Pandey Ashok
Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 10;859(Pt 1):160031. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160031. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
Pharmaceutical and personnel care products (PPCPs) from wastewater are a potential hazard to the human health and wildlife, and their occurrence in wastewater has caught the concern of researchers recently. To deal with PPCPs, various treatment technologies have been evolved such as physical, biological, and chemical methods. Nevertheless, modern and efficient techniques such as advance oxidation processes (AOPs) demand expensive chemicals and energy, which ultimately leads to a high treatment cost. Therefore, integration of chemical techniques with biological processes has been recently suggested to decrease the expenses. Furthermore, combining ozonation with activated carbon (AC) can significantly enhance the removal efficiency. There are some other emerging technologies of lower operational cost like photo-Fenton method and solar radiation-based methods as well as constructed wetland, which are promising. However, feasibility and practicality in pilot-scale have not been estimated for most of these advanced treatment technologies. In this context, the present review work explores the treatment of emerging PPCPs in wastewater, via available conventional, non-conventional, and integrated technologies. Furthermore, this work focused on the state-of-art technologies via an extensive literature search, highlights the limitations and challenges of the prevailing commercial technologies. Finally, this work provides a brief discussion and offers future research directions on technologies needed for treatment of wastewater containing PPCPs, accompanied by techno-economic feasibility assessment.
废水中的药品及个人护理用品（PPCPs）对人类健康和野生动物构成潜在危害，其在废水中的出现最近引起了研究人员的关注。为了处理PPCPs，已开发出各种处理技术，如物理、生物和化学方法。然而，诸如高级氧化工艺（AOPs）等现代高效技术需要昂贵的化学品和能源，这最终导致处理成本高昂。因此，最近有人建议将化学技术与生物工艺相结合以降低成本。此外，将臭氧氧化与活性炭（AC）相结合可显著提高去除效率。还有一些运营成本较低的新兴技术，如光芬顿法、基于太阳辐射的方法以及人工湿地，这些技术很有前景。然而，大多数这些先进处理技术在中试规模的可行性和实用性尚未得到评估。在此背景下，本综述工作通过现有的传统、非传统和综合技术探讨了废水中新兴PPCPs的处理。此外，这项工作通过广泛的文献检索聚焦于最先进的技术，突出了现有商业技术的局限性和挑战。最后，这项工作进行了简要讨论，并针对含PPCPs废水处理所需技术提供了未来研究方向，同时进行了技术经济可行性评估。
