Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Nov 1;11(11):11. doi: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.11.
To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma and its risk factors in a Japanese community.
This study included 3405 Japanese community dwellers who were ≥40 years of age and enrolled in the Hisayama Study. This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018. A glaucoma screening test was performed using stereo fundus images and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Glaucoma was defined based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria.
The prevalence of glaucoma was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-8.6) overall. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was 5.8% (95% CI, 5.0-6.6); that of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.5-1.1); and that of exfoliation glaucoma was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.7-1.4). In addition to aging, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33), higher intraocular pressure (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12), longer axial length (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31-1.59), and thinner central corneal thickness (CCT) (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15) were significant risk factors for POAG. Diabetes (OR = 2.81; 95% CI, 1.19-6.62) was a significant risk factor for PACG, and diabetes (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.03-4.47) and thinner CCT (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28) were significant risk factors for exfoliation glaucoma.
The prevalence of glaucoma was approximately 8%, probably due to the increase in the Japanese aging population. Not only ocular factors but also lower eGFR for POAG and diabetes for PACG and exfoliation glaucoma were risk factors in a general Japanese population.
Systemic factors such as eGFR and diabetes must also be considered when implementing preventive measures against glaucoma.
估计日本社区人群中青光眼的患病率及其危险因素。
本研究纳入了 3405 名年龄≥40 岁的日本社区居民，他们参加了平山研究。这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，于 2017 年至 2018 年进行。使用立体眼底图像和扫频源光学相干断层扫描进行青光眼筛查测试。根据国际眼科地理和流行病学学会的标准定义青光眼。
总体而言，青光眼的患病率为 7.6%（95%置信区间[CI]，6.7-8.6）。原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的患病率为 5.8%（95%CI，5.0-6.6）；原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的患病率为 0.7%（95%CI，0.5-1.1）；剥脱性青光眼的患病率为 1.1%（95%CI，0.7-1.4）。除了年龄增长，估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）较低（比值比[OR]，1.15；95%CI，1.02-1.33）、眼内压较高（OR，1.06；95%CI，1.01-1.12）、眼轴较长（OR，1.44；95%CI，1.31-1.59）和中央角膜厚度（CCT）较薄（OR，1.09；95%CI，1.04-1.15）也是 POAG 的显著危险因素。糖尿病（OR，2.81；95%CI，1.19-6.62）是 PACG 的显著危险因素，糖尿病（OR，2.15；95%CI，1.03-4.47）和 CCT 较薄（OR，1.14；95%CI，1.02-1.28）是剥脱性青光眼的显著危险因素。
青光眼的患病率约为 8%，这可能是由于日本人口老龄化的增加。不仅是眼部因素，POAG 的 eGFR 降低和 PACG 及剥脱性青光眼的糖尿病等全身因素也是日本一般人群发生青光眼的危险因素。
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