School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Jun;30(3):1158-1169. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02213-x. Epub 2022 Nov 16.
We investigated the effects of two types of competition, races and tournaments (as well as an individual challenge and a do-your-best condition), on two different aspects of performance: effort and strategy. In our experiment, 100 undergraduate participants completed a simple cognitive task under four experimental conditions (in a repeated-measures design) based on different types of competitions and challenges. We used the Linear Ballistic Accumulator to quantify the effects of competition on strategy and effort. The results reveal that competition produced changes in strategy rather than effort, and that trait competitiveness had minimal impact on how people responded to competition. This suggests individuals are more likely to adjust their strategy in competitions, and the uncertainty created by different competition types influences the direction of these strategy adjustments.
我们研究了两种竞争类型，即比赛和锦标赛（以及个人挑战和尽力而为条件）对表现的两个不同方面的影响：努力和策略。在我们的实验中，100 名本科生在基于不同类型的比赛和挑战的四种实验条件（重复测量设计）下完成了一项简单的认知任务。我们使用线性弹道累积器来量化竞争对策略和努力的影响。结果表明，竞争改变了策略而不是努力，并且特质竞争对人们对竞争的反应影响很小。这表明个人更有可能在竞争中调整他们的策略，而不同竞争类型所产生的不确定性会影响这些策略调整的方向。
