Baklund Lise, Røssberg Jan Ivar, Møller Paul
Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Mental Health Research and Development, Vestre Viken, Drammen, Norway.
Vestre Viken HF, FoU-avdelingen, P.O. Box 800, Drammen 3004, Norway.
EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Nov 12;55:101733. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101733. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Language impairments are key features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and have also been suggested to signal enhanced psychosis risk. Incoherence, derailment, and monotonous speaking are however closely related to psychosis onset, and thus not very early markers. Recent phenomenologic-psychiatric studies claim that basic self-disturbance (BSD) may represent more useful early markers.
We searched for distinctive irregular linguistics of 30 CHR outpatient adolescents, aged 12-18 years. Standard instruments established psychosis risk and BSD. Participants chose three personal and well manifested BSD phenomena. Ninety verbatim statements were analyzed and grouped into higher order clusters of linguistic irregularities.
We identified five clusters of irregular language features: distinctive words, describing an atmosphere of unreality; irregular use of prepositions, indicating experiential detachment; shifts of personal pronouns, indicating identity confusion; near-literal use of metaphors and conjunctions indicating existential insecurity, and idiosyncratic use of adjectives indicating perceptual transcendence.
The adolescents provided naturalistic descriptions of experiences that were markedly twisted and almost ineffable. This unique irregular "BSD -language" was highly meaningful in its proper context, expressing informative characteristics of first-personal experiential alterations, essential for early detection. The features may additionally represent precursors of psychosis transition, useful for clinical decision-making.
Foundation Dam, Oslo, Norway (Grant Number 2017/FO143368).
语言障碍是精神分裂症谱系障碍的关键特征，也被认为是精神病风险增加的信号。然而，语无伦次、话题脱轨和说话单调与精神病发作密切相关，因此不是非常早期的标志物。最近的现象学 - 精神病学研究声称，基本自我障碍（BSD）可能代表更有用的早期标志物。
我们对30名年龄在12至18岁的临床高危（CHR）门诊青少年的独特语言不规则现象进行了研究。使用标准工具确定精神病风险和BSD。参与者选择了三种个人的且表现明显的BSD现象。对90条逐字记录的陈述进行了分析，并将其分组为更高阶的语言不规则集群。
我们识别出五类语言不规则特征集群：独特的词汇，描述一种不真实的氛围；介词的不规则使用，表明体验性脱离；人称代词的转换，表明身份混淆；隐喻和连词的近乎字面的使用，表明存在性不安全感，以及形容词的特殊使用，表明感知超越。
青少年提供了对明显扭曲且几乎难以言表的经历的自然主义描述。这种独特的不规则“BSD语言”在其适当的背景下具有高度意义，表达了第一人称体验改变的信息特征，这对早期检测至关重要。这些特征还可能代表精神病转变的先兆，对临床决策有用。
挪威奥斯陆达姆基金会（资助编号2017/FO143368）。
