Wang Jing, Guo Chuqing, Lin Tingyu
School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 Nov 8;15:2097-2113. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S379426. eCollection 2022.
Risk perception is a key factor influencing the public's behavioral response to major public health events. The research on public risk perception promotes the emergency management system to adapt to the needs of modern development. This article is based on a risk information perspective, using the COVID-19 event as an example. From the micro and macro perspectives, the influencing factors of public risk perception in major public health events in China are extracted, and the attribution model and index system of public risk perception are established.
In this paper, the five-level Likert scale is used to collect and measure the risk perception variable questionnaire through the combination of online and offline methods (a total of 550 questionnaires, the overall Alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.955, and the KMO test coefficient t=0.941), and through independent samples -test, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and other methods to draw relevant conclusions.
The results showed that gender and age were significantly associated with risk perception (p<0.005), and education level was significantly negatively associated with risk perception (p <0 0.005). Risk information attention and risk perception were significantly positively correlated (p<0.005), media credibility was significantly positively correlated with risk perception (p<0.005), while risk information identification and media exposure had no significant interaction with risk perception (p=0.125, p=0.352).
Factors such as gender, age, education level, place of residence, media exposure, media credibility, risk information attention, and recognition lead to different levels of risk perception. This conclusion helps to provide a basis for relevant departments to conduct public risk management of major public health events based on differences in risk perceptions.
风险认知是影响公众对重大突发公共卫生事件行为反应的关键因素。对公众风险认知的研究推动应急管理体系适应现代发展需求。本文基于风险信息视角，以新冠疫情事件为例，从微观和宏观层面提取我国重大突发公共卫生事件中公众风险认知的影响因素，构建公众风险认知的归因模型和指标体系。
本文采用五级李克特量表，通过线上线下相结合的方式收集并测量风险认知变量问卷（共550份问卷，问卷总体Alpha系数为0.955，KMO检验系数t = 0.941），并通过独立样本t检验、相关性分析、多元回归分析等方法得出相关结论。
结果显示，性别和年龄与风险认知显著相关（p<0.005），教育程度与风险认知显著负相关（p<0.005）。风险信息关注度与风险认知显著正相关（p<0.005），媒体可信度与风险认知显著正相关（p<0.005），而风险信息识别和媒体接触与风险认知无显著交互作用（p = 0.125，p = 0.352）。
性别、年龄、教育程度、居住地、媒体接触、媒体可信度、风险信息关注度和认知度等因素导致不同程度的风险认知。这一结论有助于为相关部门基于风险认知差异开展重大突发公共卫生事件的公众风险管理提供依据。
