Chandra Voumik Liton, Sultana Tasnim
Department of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2022 Nov 7;8(11):e11457. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11457. eCollection 2022 Nov.
Increased demand for water, energy, infrastructure, and other natural resources has resulted from an increase in anthropocentric activities recently, which has led to climate change, land erosion, pollution growth, and a decline in biodiversity. During the period 1972-2021, the aim of this study is how industrialization, urbanization, and renewable energy affect the environment of five industrialized economies-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)-implemented. Concerning slope heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence (CSD), and a mixture of I (0) and I (1) variables, this paper used a fresh panel technique known as cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL). When it comes to protecting water, land, and forest resources while also lowering carbon emissions, the estimate of energy, urbanization, electrification, and industrialization is favorably substantial. The findings show that rising industrialization, urbanization, income, and electrification can stimulate environmental degradation. On the other hand, renewable energy in industrialized economies may significantly lessen the environmental degradation in the BRICS region. In the BRICS region recently, urbanization is booming, all countries are expanding industrial zones, and consumption of electricity is skyrocketing. So, this research is very important in the BRICS context. The research also applied an augmented mean group (AMG) to get the impact of all variables on the environment in all BRICS countries. Because of their different economic sizes, public policy, industrial policy, population policy, immigration, and trade policy, the magnitude of impacts and signs of impacts are different. There is some evidence to suggest that renewables may be a panacea for BRICS energy security and environmental deterioration; consequently, boosting alternative energy sources, green urbanization, and environmentally-friendly urbanization should be a part of all governments' energy and environmental plans worldwide. Hence, these countries' decision-makers should re-review their population, energy, urbanization, and industrial policies to adopt a sustainable environment.
最近，以人类为中心的活动增加，导致对水、能源、基础设施和其他自然资源的需求上升，进而引发了气候变化、土地侵蚀、污染加剧和生物多样性下降。本研究的目的是考察1972年至2021年期间工业化、城市化和可再生能源如何影响巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非（金砖国家）这五个工业化经济体的环境。考虑到斜率异质性、横截面依赖性（CSD）以及I(0)和I(1)变量的混合情况，本文采用了一种新的面板技术，即横截面增强自回归分布滞后（CS-ARDL）。在保护水资源、土地资源和森林资源的同时降低碳排放方面，能源、城市化、电气化和工业化的估计结果具有显著的积极意义。研究结果表明，工业化、城市化、收入和电气化水平的提高会加剧环境退化。另一方面，工业化经济体中的可再生能源可能会显著减轻金砖国家地区的环境退化。最近在金砖国家地区，城市化蓬勃发展，所有国家都在扩大工业区，电力消费也在飙升。因此，这项研究在金砖国家背景下非常重要。该研究还应用了增强平均组（AMG）方法来考察所有变量对金砖国家所有成员国环境的影响。由于各国经济规模、公共政策、产业政策、人口政策、移民政策和贸易政策不同，影响的程度和影响的符号也有所不同。有证据表明，可再生能源可能是解决金砖国家能源安全和环境恶化问题的灵丹妙药；因此，推广替代能源、绿色城市化和环境友好型城市化应成为世界各国政府能源和环境计划的一部分。因此，这些国家的决策者应重新审视其人口、能源、城市化和产业政策，以实现可持续发展的环境。
