Shuai Ruichong, Bravo Adrian J, Anker Justin J, Kushner Matt G, Hogarth Lee
School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Addict Behav Rep. 2022 Nov 1;16:100469. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100469. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Drinking to cope with negative affect confers a direct risk of alcohol problems independently of greater alcohol consumption (i.e., confers susceptibility to the alcohol harm paradox). However, it remains unclear whether this risk is common across gender and countries.
The current study applied path analysis to two cross-sectional samples of 18-25-year-old undergraduate hazardous drinking students recruited from the UK (Study 1; N = 873) and internationally (Study 2; N = 4064 recruited in Argentina, Canada, South Africa, Spain, Uruguay, USA, and England). The Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) measured drinking to cope with negative affect and drinking to enhance positive affect (i.e., enhancement motives). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) measured alcohol consumption and problems.
In both studies, drinking to cope with negative affect had a direct effect on alcohol problems (S1: = 0.259, SE = 0.031, <.001; S2: = 0.255, SE = 0.017, <.001), and only a negligible proportion of this effect was mediated by alcohol consumption (S1: 2.58 %, =.550; S2: 0.79 %, .538). By contrast, drinking to enhance positive affect had a smaller direct effect on alcohol problems (S1: = 0.000, SE = 0.033, =.989; S2: = 0.044, SE = 0.017, =.009), and a substantial proportion of this effect was mediated by greater alcohol consumption (S1: 99.76 %, <.001; S2: 60.36 %, <.001). Crucially, in both studies, the direct effect of drinking to cope on alcohol problems was invariant across gender and countries.
These findings suggest that individuals who endorse drinking to cope with negative affect are uniquely susceptible to the alcohol harm paradox, that is, greater alcohol problems which cannot be explained by greater alcohol consumption, and this susceptibility is common across gender and countries.
为应对负面影响而饮酒会直接导致酒精问题风险，与饮酒量增加无关（即导致对酒精危害悖论的易感性）。然而，尚不清楚这种风险在不同性别和国家中是否普遍存在。
本研究对从英国招募的18至25岁本科危险饮酒学生的两个横断面样本（研究1；N = 873）和国际样本（研究2；在阿根廷、加拿大、南非、西班牙、乌拉圭、美国和英国招募的N = 4064）应用路径分析。饮酒动机问卷（DMQ）测量为应对负面影响而饮酒以及为增强积极影响而饮酒（即增强动机）。酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）测量饮酒量和问题。
在两项研究中，为应对负面影响而饮酒对酒精问题有直接影响（研究1：β = 0.259，标准误 = 0.031，p <.001；研究2：β = 0.255，标准误 = 0.017，p <.001），且这种影响中只有可忽略不计的比例由饮酒量介导（研究1：2.58%，p =.550；研究2：0.79%，p =.538）。相比之下，为增强积极影响而饮酒对酒精问题的直接影响较小（研究1：β = 0.000，标准误 = 0.033，p =.989；研究2：β = 0.044，标准误 = 0.017，p =.009），且这种影响的很大一部分由饮酒量增加介导（研究1：99.76%，p <.001；研究2：60.36%，p <.001）。至关重要的是，在两项研究中，为应对而饮酒对酒精问题的直接影响在不同性别和国家中是不变的。
这些发现表明，认可为应对负面影响而饮酒的个体特别容易受到酒精危害悖论的影响，即酒精问题增加，而这无法用饮酒量增加来解释，并且这种易感性在不同性别和国家中是普遍存在的。
