Dagdiya Manish S, Golwara Amesh, Shahi Niharika, Sundar Deep, Sinha Abhishek, Kumari Lalima
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saraswati-Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, IND.
Department of Orthodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Oct 10;14(10):e30156. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30156. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Disturbances seen during tooth formation result in developmental dental anomalies presenting in the oral cavity. These anomalies manifest as discrepancies in the number, color, size, and shape of the teeth. These dental anomalies can either be acquired, congenital, or developmental. Their early detection and management are necessary as they affect aesthetics and occlusion. The study had the aim of gauging the prevalence of developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition of Indian subjects.
A total of 1192 participants recruited from the institute for study purposes, comprising males and females, were examined clinically and radiographically, and their dental casts were also evaluated. These subjects were assessed for anomalies in position, structure, number, and/or shape. Anomalies in the position include transmigration, transportation, and/or ectopic position; anomalies in the structure, including dentinogenesis imperfecta or amelogenesis imperfecta; anomalies in number, including hyperdontia or hypodontia; and anomalies in shape, including peg laterals, taurodontism, fusion, dens evaginatus, talon cusp, and/or microdontia.
A statistically significant difference was seen in unilateral microdontia and dentinogenesis imperfecta between males and females, with attained p-values of 0.003 and 0.06, respectively. The results of the present study showed that 9.89% (n = 118) study subjects, whereas 1% (n = 12) study subjects had two dental anomalies in their permanent dentitions, with no subject presenting more than two dental anomalies, showing that various dental anomalies have a low prevalence in the Indian population.
The present study has led to the conclusion that the prevalence of dental anomalies is low in Indian subjects. However, these anomalies should be detected and treated early to prevent them from causing further complications.
牙齿形成过程中出现的紊乱会导致口腔中出现发育性牙齿异常。这些异常表现为牙齿数量、颜色、大小和形状的差异。这些牙齿异常可以是后天获得的、先天性的或发育性的。由于它们会影响美观和咬合，因此早期发现和处理是必要的。本研究旨在评估印度受试者恒牙列中发育性异常的患病率。
从该机构招募了总共1192名研究参与者，包括男性和女性，对他们进行了临床和影像学检查，并对他们的牙模进行了评估。对这些受试者的位置、结构、数量和/或形状异常进行评估。位置异常包括异位萌出、移位和/或异位；结构异常，包括牙本质发育不全或釉质发育不全；数量异常，包括多生牙或先天性缺牙；形状异常，包括锥形侧切牙、牛牙症、融合牙、畸形中央尖、鹰爪尖和/或过小牙。
男性和女性在单侧过小牙和牙本质发育不全方面存在统计学上的显著差异，p值分别为0.003和0.06。本研究结果表明，9.89%（n = 118）的研究对象有牙齿异常，而1%（n = 12）的研究对象在恒牙列中有两种牙齿异常，没有受试者出现超过两种牙齿异常，这表明各种牙齿异常在印度人群中的患病率较低。
本研究得出的结论是，印度受试者中牙齿异常的患病率较低。然而，这些异常应尽早发现和治疗，以防止它们引起进一步的并发症。
