Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):2647. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20058-y.
Nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in diabetes management. Assessing adherence to nutritional recommendations is critical for evaluating whether the current status of nutrition education is appropriate. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019.
A total of 2,793 participants (55.4% male) were evaluated regarding their adherence to nutritional recommendations. The "aware" group comprised people who had been clinically diagnosed by a physician. The "treated" group comprised people receiving anti-diabetic medications. The "control" group comprised people who achieved an HbA1c level < 6.5%. The "educated" group comprised people who had received nutrition education or counseling at various locations.
Among the 1,918 individuals in the "aware" group, only 243 (8.7%) had received nutrition education. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was generally low, with people with diabetes showing slightly higher adherence to total energy intake (59.6% vs. 55.3%) and total sugar intake (88.0% vs. 84.5%) than people without diabetes. However, adherence to total carbohydrate intake was poor in both the treated and educated groups (34.3% and 26.0%, respectively) compared to the untreated and non-educated groups (44.4% and 36.0%, respectively).
These findings indicate inadequate nutritional management for people with diabetes in Korea. Nutrition education should be effectively strengthened to achieve nutritional goals.
营养疗法在糖尿病管理中起着至关重要的作用。评估对营养建议的依从性对于评估当前营养教育的状况是否合适至关重要。本研究旨在使用 2016 年至 2019 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据，根据糖尿病状况评估对营养建议的依从性。
共有 2793 名参与者（55.4%为男性）接受了营养建议依从性评估。“知晓”组包括经医生临床诊断的患者。“治疗”组包括接受抗糖尿病药物治疗的患者。“控制”组包括 HbA1c 水平<6.5%的患者。“教育”组包括在不同地点接受营养教育或咨询的患者。
在“知晓”组的 1918 名患者中，仅有 243 名（8.7%）接受了营养教育。对营养建议的依从性普遍较低，患有糖尿病的患者总能量摄入（59.6%对 55.3%）和总糖摄入（88.0%对 84.5%）的依从性略高，但与未患糖尿病的患者相比，总碳水化合物摄入的依从性较差（分别为 34.3%和 26.0%）。
这些发现表明韩国糖尿病患者的营养管理不足。应有效加强营养教育，以实现营养目标。
