Lee Eun-Young, Shih An-Chi, Collins Maia, Kim Yeong-Bae, Nader Patrick Abi, Bhawra Jasmin, Katapally Tarun Reddy, Tanaka Chiaki, Saonuam Pairoj, Katewongsa Piyawat, Widyastari Dyah Anantalia, Huang Wendy Y, Wong Stephen H, Khan Asaduzzaman, Subedi Narayan, Paudel Susan, Chang Chen-Kang, Wu Ching-Lin, Jeon Justin Y, Kim Yeon Soo, Loney Tom, Müller-Riemenschneider Falk, Chen Bozhi, Cagas Jonathan Y, Wong Jyh Eiin, Shahril Mohd Razif, Mahendra Agus, Tremblay Mark S
School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Exerc Sci Fit. 2023 Jan;21(1):34-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.008. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
Physical inactivity is a persistent and worsening population health concern in Asia. Led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Global Matrix (GM) initiative provides an opportunity to explore how regional and cultural differences across 18 Asian countries relate to physical activity (PA) participation among children and adolescents.
To synthesize evidence from the GM2.0 to GM4.0 (2016-2022) in Asian countries.
Report Card grades on behavioral/individual and sources of influence indicators were reported from 18 Asian countries. Letter grades were converted into numerical values for quantitative analyses. Based on this, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to investigate patterns and trends. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed based on Report Card grades and published papers to identify gaps and suggest future recommendations.
In total, 18 countries provided grades for at least one round of GM, 12 countries provided grades for at least two rounds, and seven countries provided grades for all three GMs. Of possible grades, 72.8%, 69.2%, and 76.9% of the grades were assigned from GM 2.0 to GM 4.0, respectively. In terms of the Report Card grades, there was a slight decrease in behavioral/individual indicators from "D+" in GM 2.0 to "D-" in GM 3.0 but this reverted to "D" in GM 4.0. For the sources of influence, a "C" grade was given in all three rounds of GM. Longitudinal observation of seven Asian countries that provided grades in all three rounds of GM revealed that grades are generally stable for all indicators with some country-specific fluctuations. In future GM initiatives and research, considerations should be made to provide more accurate and rich data and to better understand contextual challenges in evaluating certain indicators such as Active Transportation, Active Play, and Physical Fitness in particular. Further, macro level factors such as socioeconomic/cultural disparities and gender-specific barriers, ideology, or climate change should also be proactively considered in future research as these factors are becoming increasingly relevant to indicators of GM and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
Participation from Asian countries in GM has increased over the years, which demonstrates the region's enthusiasm, capacity, and support for global PA promotion efforts. The efforts to promote a physically active lifestyle among children and adolescents should be a collective interest and priority of the Asia region based on the gaps identified in this paper.
缺乏身体活动是亚洲地区一个持续且日益严重的人口健康问题。在积极健康儿童全球联盟的引领下，全球矩阵（GM）倡议提供了一个契机，来探讨亚洲18个国家的地域和文化差异如何与儿童及青少年的身体活动（PA）参与情况相关联。
综合亚洲国家从GM2.0到GM4.0（2016 - 2022年）的证据。
报告了18个亚洲国家在行为/个体及影响因素指标方面的成绩单等级。字母等级被转换为数值用于定量分析。基于此，进行了横断面和纵向分析以研究模式和趋势。基于成绩单等级和已发表论文进行定性证据综合，以识别差距并提出未来建议。
总共，18个国家至少为一轮GM提供了等级，12个国家至少为两轮提供了等级，7个国家为所有三轮GM提供了等级。在可能的等级中，从GM 2.0到GM 4.0分别有72.8%、69.2%和76.9%的等级被评定。就成绩单等级而言，行为/个体指标从GM 2.0的“D +”略有下降至GM 3.0的“D -”，但在GM 4.0又恢复到“D”。对于影响因素，在所有三轮GM中均给出了“C”等级。对在所有三轮GM中都提供等级的7个亚洲国家的纵向观察表明，所有指标的等级总体稳定，但存在一些特定国家的波动。在未来的GM倡议和研究中应考虑提供更准确和丰富的数据，并更好地理解在评估某些指标（特别是主动交通、主动游戏和身体素质）时的背景挑战。此外，社会经济/文化差异和特定性别的障碍、意识形态或气候变化等宏观层面因素在未来研究中也应得到积极考虑，因为这些因素与GM指标及联合国可持续发展目标越来越相关。
多年来亚洲国家对GM的参与有所增加，这表明该地区对全球促进身体活动努力的热情、能力和支持。基于本文所确定的差距，在儿童和青少年中推广积极身体活动生活方式的努力应成为亚洲地区的共同利益和优先事项。
