D'Amora Ugo, Soriente Alessandra, Ronca Alfredo, Scialla Stefania, Perrella Martina, Manini Paola, Phua Jun Wei, Ottenheim Christoph, Di Girolamo Rocco, Pezzella Alessandro, Raucci Maria Grazia, Ambrosio Luigi
Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80135 Naples, Italy.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2022 Nov 16;10(11):2945. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112945.
An optimized extraction protocol for eumelanins from black soldier flies (BSF-Eumel) allows an in-depth study of natural eumelanin pigments, which are a valuable tool for the design and fabrication of sustainable scaffolds. Here, water-soluble BSF-Eumel sub-micrometer colloidal particles were used as bioactive signals for developing a composite biomaterial ink for scaffold preparation. For this purpose, BSF-Eumel was characterized both chemically and morphologically; moreover, biological studies were carried out to investigate the dose-dependent cell viability and its influence on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), with the aim of validating suitable protocols and to find an optimal working concentration for eumelanin-based scaffold preparation. As proof of concept, 3D printed scaffolds based on methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MEHA) and BSF-Eumel were successfully produced. The scaffolds with and without BSF-Eumel were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical, mechanical and biological behaviours. The results showed that MEHA/BSF-Eumel scaffolds had similar storage modulus values to MEHA scaffolds. In terms of swelling ratio and stability, these scaffolds were able to retain their structure without significant changes over 21 days. Biological investigations demonstrated the ability of the bioactivated scaffolds to support the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
一种优化的从黑水虻中提取真黑素的方案（BSF-Eumel）能够深入研究天然真黑素色素，这些色素是设计和制造可持续支架的宝贵工具。在此，水溶性BSF-Eumel亚微米胶体颗粒被用作生物活性信号，以开发用于支架制备的复合生物材料墨水。为此，对BSF-Eumel进行了化学和形态学表征；此外，还进行了生物学研究，以研究剂量依赖性细胞活力及其对人间充质干细胞（hMSCs）的影响，目的是验证合适的方案并找到基于真黑素的支架制备的最佳工作浓度。作为概念验证，成功制备了基于甲基丙烯酸化透明质酸（MEHA）和BSF-Eumel的3D打印支架。对含和不含BSF-Eumel的支架进行了物理化学、力学和生物学行为表征。结果表明，MEHA/BSF-Eumel支架的储能模量值与MEHA支架相似。在溶胀率和稳定性方面，这些支架能够在21天内保持其结构而无显著变化。生物学研究证明了生物活化支架支持人间充质干细胞黏附、增殖和成骨分化的能力。
