Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 8;14(22):4717. doi: 10.3390/nu14224717.
Selenium and iodine are essential trace elements for both humans and animals. Among other things, they have an essential role in thyroid function and the production of important hormones by the thyroid gland. Unfortunately, in many areas, soils are deficient in selenium and iodine, and their amount is insufficient to produce crops with adequate contents to cover the recommended daily intake; thus, deficiencies have an endemic character. With the introduction of iodized table salt in the food industry, the thyroid status of the population has improved, but several areas remain iodine deficient. Furthermore, due to the strong relationship between iodine and selenium in metabolic processes, selenium deficiency often compromises the desired positive impact of salt iodization efforts. Therefore, a considerable number of studies have looked for alternative methods for the simultaneous supplementation of selenium and iodine in foodstuff. In most cases, the subject of these studies is crops; recently, meat has also been a subject of interest. This paper reviews the most recent strategies in agriculture to fortify selenium and iodine in crop plants, their effect on the quality of the plant species used, and the potential impact of food processing on their stability in fortified crops.
硒和碘是人类和动物必需的微量元素。它们在甲状腺功能和甲状腺产生重要激素方面起着重要作用。不幸的是，在许多地区，土壤中缺乏硒和碘，其含量不足以生产出含有足够含量以满足推荐日摄入量的作物；因此，缺乏具有地方病特征。随着食品工业中碘盐的引入，人群的甲状腺状况得到了改善，但仍有一些地区缺碘。此外，由于碘和硒在代谢过程中的强相关性，硒缺乏往往会影响盐碘化努力所期望的积极影响。因此，相当多的研究都在寻找在食物中同时补充硒和碘的替代方法。在大多数情况下，这些研究的主题是农作物；最近，肉类也成为了研究对象。本文综述了农业中在作物中强化硒和碘的最新策略，它们对所用植物物种质量的影响，以及食品加工对强化作物中它们稳定性的潜在影响。
