Sharma Barkha, Tiwari Shalini, Kumawat Kailash Chand, Cardinale Massimiliano
Department of Microbiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 20;860:160476. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160476. Epub 2022 Nov 24.
Nanotechnology is a burgeoning revolutionary technology in the 21st century. Climate emergencies caused by natural or anthropogenic activities have tragically consequential repercussions on agricultural output worldwide. Modern cropping systems profoundly rely on synthetic fertilizers to deliver necessary nutrients, yet their prolonged and persistent administration is hazardous to the environment, soil fertility, and nutritional dynamics of the rhizospheric microbiome. By addressing the drawback of physico-chemically synthesized nano-dimensioned fertilizer, this review emphasizes on integrating nanoparticles and biofertilizers conjointly as nano-biofertilizers (NBF) which can safeguard global food security, in light of the population surge. Inoculation with nanoparticles and biofertilizers strengthens plant growth and stress tolerance. However, combined together (NBF), they have emerged as a more economically and environmentally sustainable, highly versatile, and long-lasting agriculture tool. Microbe-based green synthesis using the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles of Si, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, and Ag as well as organic materials, including chitosan, cellulose, and starch, to formulate NBFs can eliminate the constraints of conventional fertilizer contamination. The application of NBFs is in its infancy in agriculture, yet it has promising potential for transforming traditional farming techniques into smart agriculture, compared to any of the existing strategies. From this perspective, this review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the formulations, fabrication, and characterization of NBFs while unraveling the underlying mechanisms of plant-NBF interactions along with their contribution to climate change-induced biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. We substantially summarize the latest advancements of field applications of NBFs for precision farming. Moreover, we critically revised their applications in agro-ecosystems according to the current literature, while also discussing the bottlenecks and future trends for developing potent NBFs.
纳米技术是21世纪新兴的革命性技术。自然或人为活动引发的气候紧急情况给全球农业产出带来了悲惨的严重影响。现代种植系统严重依赖合成肥料来提供必要的养分，然而长期持续施用这些肥料对环境、土壤肥力和根际微生物群的营养动态是有害的。鉴于人口激增，本综述通过解决物理化学合成的纳米尺寸肥料的缺点，强调将纳米颗粒和生物肥料联合作为纳米生物肥料（NBF），这可以保障全球粮食安全。接种纳米颗粒和生物肥料可增强植物生长和抗逆性。然而，将它们结合在一起（NBF），已成为一种在经济和环境方面更具可持续性、用途广泛且持久的农业工具。利用硅、锌、铜、铁、镍、钛和银等无机纳米颗粒以及壳聚糖、纤维素和淀粉等有机材料进行封装的基于微生物的绿色合成来制备NBF，可以消除传统肥料污染的限制。NBF在农业中的应用尚处于起步阶段，但与任何现有策略相比，它在将传统耕作技术转变为智慧农业方面具有广阔的潜力。从这个角度来看，本综述旨在全面了解NBF的配方、制备和表征，同时揭示植物与NBF相互作用的潜在机制以及它们对气候变化引起的生物和非生物胁迫耐受性的贡献。我们大量总结了NBF在精准农业领域应用的最新进展。此外，我们根据当前文献对它们在农业生态系统中的应用进行了批判性修订，同时也讨论了开发高效NBF的瓶颈和未来趋势。
