Fahim Manal, Roshdy Wael H, Deghedy Ola, Kamel Reham, Naguib Amel, Showky Shymaa, Elguindy Nancy, Abdel Fattah Mohammad, Afifi Salma, Mohsen Amira, Kandeel Amr, Abdelghaffar Khaled
Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles El Shaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt.
Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, Egypt.
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022 Nov 17;2022:7497500. doi: 10.1155/2022/7497500. eCollection 2022.
Cocirculation of influenza (Flu) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (SARS-CoV-2/Flu) represent a public health concern as it may worsen the severity and increase fatality from coronavirus disease 2019. An increase in the number of patients with coinfection was recently reported. We studied epidemiology, severity, and outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2/Flu coinfection seen at Egypt's integrated acute respiratory infections surveillance to better describe disease impact and guide effective preventive measures.
The first two outpatients were seen daily, and every fifth patient admitted to 19 sentinel hospitals with respiratory symptoms was enrolled. Patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and provided nasopharyngeal swabs to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza by real-time polymerase chain reaction at the central laboratory. Data from all patients with coinfection were obtained, and descriptive data analysis was performed for patients' demographics, clinical course, and outcome.
The total number of patients enrolled between January 2020 and April 2022 was 18,160 and 6,453 (35.5%) tested positive for viruses, including 52 (0.8%) coinfection. Of them, 36 (69.2%) were coinfected with Flu A/H3, 9 (17.3%) Flu-B, and 7 (13.5%) Flu A/H1. Patients' mean age was 33.2 ± 21, 55.8% were males, and 20 (38.5%) were hospitalized, with mean hospital days 6.7 ± 6. At the hospital, 14 (70.0%) developed pneumonia, 6 (30.0%) ICU admitted, and 4 (20.0%) died. The hospitalization rate among patients coinfected with Flu-B and Flu A/H3 was 55.6 and 41.7%, with mean hospital days (8.0 ± 6 and 6.4 ± 6), pneumonia infection (40.0 and 80.0%), ICU admission (40.0 and 26.7%), and death (20.0% for both), while no patients hospitalized with A/H1.
The recent increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2/Flu coinfections was identified in Egypt. The disease could have a severe course and high fatality, especially in those coinfected with Flu-B and Flu A/H3. Monitoring disease severity and impact is required to guide preventive strategy.
流感（Flu）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）共同传播（SARS-CoV-2/流感）引发了公共卫生担忧，因为这可能会加重2019冠状病毒病的严重程度并增加死亡率。最近有报道称合并感染患者数量有所增加。我们研究了在埃及综合急性呼吸道感染监测中发现的SARS-CoV-2/流感合并感染患者的流行病学、严重程度和预后，以更好地描述疾病影响并指导有效的预防措施。
每天观察前两名门诊患者，纳入每五名入住19家有呼吸道症状的定点医院的患者。使用标准化问卷对患者进行访谈，并提供鼻咽拭子，以便在中央实验室通过实时聚合酶链反应检测SARS-CoV-2和流感。获取所有合并感染患者的数据，并对患者的人口统计学、临床病程和预后进行描述性数据分析。
2020年1月至2022年4月期间纳入的患者总数为18160人，其中6453人（35.5%）病毒检测呈阳性，包括52人（0.8%）合并感染。其中，36人（69.2%）合并感染甲型H3流感，9人（17.3%）感染乙型流感，7人（13.5%）感染甲型H1流感。患者的平均年龄为33.2±21岁，55.8%为男性，20人（38.5%）住院，平均住院天数为6.7±6天。在医院，14人（70.0%）发生肺炎，6人（30.0%）入住重症监护病房，4人（20.0%）死亡。感染乙型流感和甲型H3流感的患者住院率分别为55.6%和41.7%，平均住院天数分别为（8.0±6天和6.4±6天），肺炎感染率分别为（40.0%和80.0%），入住重症监护病房率分别为（40.0%和26.7%），死亡率均为20.0%，而感染甲型H1流感的患者无人住院。
在埃及发现近期SARS-CoV-2/流感合并感染患者数量有所增加。该疾病可能病程严重且死亡率高，尤其是在感染乙型流感和甲型H3流感的患者中。需要监测疾病的严重程度和影响以指导预防策略。
