Anupma Anupma, Sarkar Avir, Choudhary Neelima, Jindal Sonam, Sharma Jagadish C
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Oct 27;14(10):e30775. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30775. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Background Adolescence is the most crucial stage of life. Early marriage and teenage pregnancy infringe on adolescent girls' social and humanitarian rights. Moreover, it leads to school dropouts and decreased self-autonomy. Through this study, we aimed to analyze the risk factors and obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from adolescent pregnancies conceived by Indian girls less than 20 years of age. Materials and methods It was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of two years. Consecutive consenting adolescent mothers visiting the antenatal clinic or the delivery wards were recruited into the study. Adolescent pregnancies constituted all pregnancies where the maternal age was between 14 and 19 years at the time of presentation. Participants were followed prospectively till delivery and postpartum visit at six weeks to assess the obstetric and puerperal outcomes. Treating obstetricians asked about the causes responsible for current teenage pregnancy. At the time of delivery, data pertaining to antenatal complications, pregnancy outcome, mode of delivery, and birth weight were noted. All women were counseled for postpartum contraception at the time of delivery. Compliance with postpartum contraception was noted, and reasons for non-acceptance were asked. Results A total of 133 antenatal women in the adolescent age group were recruited during the study time frame. The mean age at the time of delivery was 18.4 years. Most of the women were educated between the sixth and 12th standards and belonged to the upper-lower economic class. Early marriage, increased family pressure, and school dropout at a young age were the predominant risk factors for teenage pregnancy in the study population. The majority of them suffered from anemia. Pregnancy-induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, fetal growth restriction, and oligohydramnios were a few other complications seen in adolescent pregnancies. Despite counseling, only 33.8% of adolescent mothers accepted postpartum contraception (any of the standard methods). Conclusion Pregnancy has concerning health consequences on adolescent girls and their babies. For example, adolescent mothers face increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, obstructed labor, and puerperal sepsis. So, it is time to create awareness through mass educational campaigns and widespread family planning services.
背景 青春期是人生中最关键的阶段。早婚和少女怀孕侵犯了少女的社会和人权。此外，这还会导致辍学和自主性下降。通过本研究，我们旨在分析印度20岁以下少女青春期怀孕的风险因素以及产科和新生儿结局。
材料与方法 这是一项为期两年的前瞻性观察性研究。连续前来产前诊所或产房且同意参与的青春期母亲被纳入研究。青春期怀孕指所有在就诊时母亲年龄在14至19岁之间的怀孕情况。对参与者进行前瞻性随访直至分娩以及产后六周的复诊，以评估产科和产褥期结局。负责治疗的产科医生询问了导致当前少女怀孕的原因。在分娩时，记录了与产前并发症、妊娠结局、分娩方式和出生体重相关的数据。所有女性在分娩时均接受了产后避孕咨询。记录了产后避孕的依从情况，并询问了不接受的原因。
结果 在研究时间段内，共招募了133名青春期年龄组的产前女性。分娩时的平均年龄为18.4岁。大多数女性接受过六年级至十二年级的教育，属于中低经济阶层。早婚、家庭压力增加和年轻时辍学是研究人群中少女怀孕的主要风险因素。她们中的大多数患有贫血。妊娠高血压、甲状腺功能减退、胎儿生长受限和羊水过少是青春期怀孕中出现的其他一些并发症。尽管进行了咨询，但只有33.8%的青春期母亲接受了产后避孕（任何一种标准方法）。
结论 怀孕对青春期女孩及其婴儿有不良健康影响。例如，青春期母亲面临妊娠高血压、难产和产褥期败血症风险增加的问题。因此，是时候通过大规模教育活动和广泛的计划生育服务来提高认识了。
