First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
J Endocrinol. 2023 Jan 19;256(3). doi: 10.1530/JOE-22-0111. Print 2023 Mar 1.
The human body is inhabited by numerous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and each part has a unique microbial community structure. The gastrointestinal tract harbors approximately 100 trillion strains comprising more than 1000 bacterial species that maintain symbiotic relationships with the host. The gut microbiota consists mainly of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Of these, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes constitute 70-90% of the total abundance. Gut microbiota utilize nutrients ingested by the host, interact with other bacterial species, and help maintain healthy homeostasis in the host. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that a breakdown of the microbial structure and its functions, known as dysbiosis, is associated with the development of allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and arteriosclerosis, among others. Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, also have a causal relationship with dysbiosis. The present review provides a brief overview of the general roles of the gut microbiota and their relationship with metabolic disorders.
人体中栖息着大量的细菌、真菌和病毒，每个部位都有独特的微生物群落结构。胃肠道中约有 1000 万亿种细菌，它们与宿主保持着共生关系。肠道微生物群主要由厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门组成。其中，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门占总丰度的 70-90%。肠道微生物群利用宿主摄入的营养物质，与其他细菌相互作用，帮助宿主维持健康的体内平衡。近年来，越来越清楚的是，微生物结构及其功能的破坏，即生态失调，与过敏、自身免疫性疾病、癌症和动脉硬化等的发生有关。代谢性疾病，如肥胖症和糖尿病，也与生态失调有因果关系。本综述简要概述了肠道微生物群的一般作用及其与代谢紊乱的关系。
