Vitamin E supplementation improves post-transportation systemic antioxidant capacity in yak.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of post-transportation vitamin E (VE) supplementation on health condition, blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant indices and blood metabolomics in yak. Five yaks were used in this study. After 2100 km of highway transportation from Riwoqe county to Rongchang County, Chongqing, blood was collected immediately after arrival and these samples served as the baseline (control, CON_VE). A VE injection (40 mg/kg) was then performed and blood samples were collected 10 days later. Injection of VE led to lower serum VE concentration. Relative to the CON_VE, VE injection led to greater concentrations of creatinine and lower concentrations of glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, UREA and glucose. Compared with CON_VE, VE injection led the lower serum level of malondialdehydeand greater serum level of glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase 4. Based on metabolomics analysis, 119 differentially altered serum metabolites (P<0.05 and VIP>1.0) were identified with VE injection relative to CON_VE. VE injection resulted in changes of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphocholine, choline, malate, citrate, α-Oxo-glutarate, phenylalanine, 3-Phenylpropanoic acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. These metabolites are associated with lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative stress. Overall, our study indicates that VE injection can alleviate transportation stress in yak partly through protecting liver and kidney, and improving antioxidant defense systems.