Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Kaiqiang, Zhao Shoupei, Zhou Jia, Cao Mingyu, Lu Lianghao, Chen Yuanyuan, Yang Huaming, Zhang Bao, Shao Chong, Zhao Yanfei, Tang Rui, Xue Bai
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 21;11:1492747. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1492747. eCollection 2024.
Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) and taurine (TAU) are crucial for the nutrition and physiology of ruminants, enhancing production performance and mitigating negative energy balance. This study aimed to assess the impact of RPG levels and TAU supplementation on the body weight, antioxidant capacity, immune function and stress responses in yaks before and after transport. Thirty-two healthy male yaks, aged 3 years and weighing 172.5 ± 10.2 kg, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: (1) low RPG and low TAU (LRLT), with 1% RPG and 5 g/d TAU; (2) low RPG and high TAU (LRHT), with 1% RPG and 15 g/d TAU; (3) high RPG and low TAU (HRLT), with 3% RPG and 5 g/d TAU; and (4) high RPG and high TAU (HRHT), with 3% RPG and 15 g/d TAU. The yaks were treated with the corresponding diet for 7 days, then received 9 h of transportation, and finally fed the same diet at their destination for 30 days. The weight was measured before and on days 0 and 30 after transport, and the plasma was collected before and on day 0, 10, and 30 after transport for analysis of biochemical, antioxidant, immune, and stress response indicators. We observed that transport increased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, cortisol and lipopolysaccharides of yaks among treatments, while decreased their BW and plasma IL-10 concentration. Increasing TAU supplementation reduced weight loss (8.42 vs. 11.9 kg) and weight loss percent (4.83% vs. 6.87%) in yaks after transport. The concentration of MDA in plasma was lower in HRHT than in LRLT at day 0 after transport ( = 0.03). The activity of GSH-PX was higher in HRHT than in LRLT at day 10 after transport ( = 0.04). Concentrations of IL-10 at day 0 and 10 after transport was higher in HRHT than in LRLT and HRLT ( = 0.02, = 0.01, respectively). With the increase of TAU supplementation, concentrations of IL-1β at day 30 after transport ( = 0.02), TNF- at day 0 after transport ( = 0.02), COR at day 10 ( = 0.03) and 30 ( = 0.05) after transport as well as LPS at day 0 after transport ( = 0.04) decreased. In addition, concentrations of COR at day 0 after transport was lower in LRHT and HRHT than in LRLT ( = 0.03). Based on all the results, we demonstrated that increasing TAU supplementation levels reduced post-transport weight loss in yaks, improved their antioxidant capacity and immune function, and alleviated stress responses. Considering the effect of resistance to transport stress and costs, the optimal treatment identified in this study involved a diet containing 1% RPG and supplemented with 15 g/d TAU.
瘤胃保护性葡萄糖（RPG）和牛磺酸（TAU）对反刍动物的营养和生理至关重要，可提高生产性能并减轻负能量平衡。本研究旨在评估RPG水平和TAU添加量对牦牛运输前后体重、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和应激反应的影响。32头3岁、体重172.5±10.2千克的健康雄性牦牛被随机分配到四种日粮处理之一：（1）低RPG和低TAU（LRLT），含1%RPG和5克/天TAU；（2）低RPG和高TAU（LRHT），含1%RPG和15克/天TAU；（3）高RPG和低TAU（HRLT），含3%RPG和5克/天TAU；（4）高RPG和高TAU（HRHT），含3%RPG和15克/天TAU。牦牛用相应日粮处理7天，然后进行9小时运输，最后在目的地用相同日粮饲养30天。在运输前以及运输后第0天和第30天测量体重，并在运输前以及运输后第0天、第10天和第30天采集血浆，用于分析生化、抗氧化、免疫和应激反应指标。我们观察到，运输增加了各处理组牦牛血浆中总胆固醇、总蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、丙二醛、皮质醇和脂多糖的浓度，同时降低了它们的体重和血浆IL-10浓度。增加TAU添加量可减少运输后牦牛的体重损失（8.42千克对11.9千克）和体重损失百分比（4.83%对6.87%）。运输后第0天，HRHT组血浆中MDA浓度低于LRLT组（P = 0.03）。运输后第10天，HRHT组GSH-PX活性高于LRLT组（P = 0.04）。运输后第0天和第10天，HRHT组IL-10浓度高于LRLT组和HRLT组（分别为P = 0.02，P = 0.01）。随着TAU添加量的增加，运输后第30天IL-1β浓度（P = 0.02）、运输后第0天TNF-α浓度（P = 0.02）、运输后第10天（P = 0.03）和第30天（P = 0.05）COR浓度以及运输后第0天LPS浓度（P = 0.04）均降低。此外，运输后第0天LRHT组和HRHT组COR浓度低于LRLT组（P = 0.03）。基于所有结果，我们证明增加TAU添加量可减少运输后牦牛的体重损失，提高其抗氧化能力和免疫功能，并减轻应激反应。考虑到抗运输应激的效果和成本，本研究确定的最佳处理方法是日粮含1%RPG并补充15克/天TAU。
