Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India.
Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India.
Molecules. 2022 Nov 29;27(23):8329. doi: 10.3390/molecules27238329.
Citrus plants are widely utilized for edible purposes and medicinal utility throughout the world. However, because of the higher abundance of the antimicrobial compound D-Limonene, the peel waste cannot be disposed of by biogas production. Therefore, after the extraction of D-Limonene from the peel wastes, it can be easily disposed of. The D-Limonene rich essential oil from the risso (CLEO) was extracted and evaluated its radical quenching, bactericidal, and cytotoxic properties. The radical quenching properties were DPPH radical scavenging (11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging (10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL). There, we observed a dose-dependent antibacterial potential for the essential oil against pathogenic bacteria. Apart from that, the essential oil also inhibited the biofilm-forming properties of , , , and . Further, cytotoxicity was also exhibited against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7) cells (IC: 47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL) and a triple-negative (MDA-MB-237) cell (IC: 55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL). Upon evaluation of the mechanism of action, the toxicity was mediated through an increased level of reactive radicals of oxygen and the subsequent release of cytochrome C, indicative of mitotoxicity. Hence, the D-Limonene rich essential oil of is useful as a strong antibacterial and cytotoxic agent; the antioxidant properties exhibited also increase its utility value.
柑橘植物在世界范围内被广泛用于食用和药用。然而，由于抗菌化合物 D-柠檬烯的含量较高，果皮废物不能通过沼气生产来处理。因此，在从果皮废物中提取 D-柠檬烯后，它可以很容易地被处理掉。从 （CLEO）的果皮中提取了富含 D-柠檬烯的精油，并评估了其自由基猝灭、杀菌和细胞毒性特性。自由基猝灭特性为 DPPH 自由基清除（11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL）和 ABTS 清除（10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL）。我们观察到精油对致病菌具有剂量依赖性的抗菌潜力。除此之外，该精油还抑制了 、 、 和 的生物膜形成特性。此外，该精油还对雌激素受体阳性（MCF7）细胞（IC：47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL）和三阴性（MDA-MB-237）细胞（IC：55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL）表现出细胞毒性。在评估作用机制时，毒性是通过增加活性氧自由基的水平和随后释放细胞色素 C 来介导的，这表明存在线粒体毒性。因此，富含 D-柠檬烯的 精油可用作一种强大的抗菌和细胞毒性剂；表现出的抗氧化特性也增加了其使用价值。
