Campana Raffaella, Tiboni Mattia, Maggi Filippo, Cappellacci Loredana, Cianfaglione Kevin, Morshedloo Mohammad Reza, Frangipani Emanuela, Casettari Luca
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Mar 25;11(4):447. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11040447.
The antimicrobial activity of several essential oils (EOs) and their related microemulsions (MEs) was investigated. EOs were obtained from Cannabis sativa L. cv CS (C. sativa), Carum carvi L. (C. carvi), Crithmum maritimum L. (C. maritimum), Cuminum cyminum L. (C. cyminum), x Cupressocyparis leylandii A.B. Jacks & Dallim. (C. leylandii), Cupressus arizonica Greene (C. arizonica), Ferula assa-foetida L. (F. assa-foetida)., Ferula gummosa Boiss. (F. gummosa), Juniperus communis L. (J. communis), Juniperus x pfitzeriana (Spath) P.A. Schmidt (J. pfitzeriana), Pimpinella anisum L (P. anisum). Preliminary screening revealed that Cuminum cyminum, Crithmum maritimum, and Pimpinella anisum (10% v/v) were effective against all tested microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 4358, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231), with growth inhibition diameter from 10 to 25 mm. These EOs were used to formulate the MEs with an average size < 50 nm and a good stability over 30 days. EOs’ antimicrobial activity was further enhanced in the MEs, with a generalized lowering of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. C. cyminum-ME reached, in most cases, MIC two times lower (0.312%) than the corresponding EO (0.625%) and even eight times lower against S. aureus (0.156 vs. 1.25%). A more remarkable microbicide effect was noted for C. cyminum-ME, with MBC values eight times lower (from 0.312 to 0.625%) than the corresponding EO (from 2.5 to 5%). Overall, MEs resulted in an efficient system for EOs encapsulation, enhancing solubility and lowering concentration to exert antimicrobial efficacy.
研究了几种精油（EOs）及其相关微乳液（MEs）的抗菌活性。精油取自大麻（Cannabis sativa L. cv CS）、葛缕子（Carum carvi L.）、滨海刺芹（Crithmum maritimum L.）、孜然（Cuminum cyminum L.）、莱兰柏（x Cupressocyparis leylandii A.B. Jacks & Dallim.）、亚利桑那柏（Cupressus arizonica Greene）、阿魏（Ferula assa-foetida L.）、胶阿魏（Ferula gummosa Boiss.）、杜松（Juniperus communis L.）、铺地柏（Juniperus x pfitzeriana (Spath) P.A. Schmidt）、茴芹（Pimpinella anisum L）。初步筛选表明，孜然、滨海刺芹和茴芹（10% v/v）对所有测试微生物（大肠杆菌ATCC 35218、单核细胞增生李斯特菌ATCC 7644、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213、荧光假单胞菌DSM 4358和白色念珠菌ATCC 10231）均有效，生长抑制直径为10至25毫米。这些精油用于制备平均粒径<50纳米且在30天内具有良好稳定性的微乳液。微乳液进一步增强了精油的抗菌活性，普遍降低了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）值。在大多数情况下，孜然微乳液的MIC比相应的精油低两倍（0.312%对0.625%），对金黄色葡萄球菌甚至低八倍（0.156%对1.25%）。孜然微乳液的杀微生物效果更显著，其MBC值比相应的精油低八倍（从0.312%降至0.625%）（从2.5%降至5%）。总体而言，微乳液是一种有效的精油包封系统，提高了溶解度并降低了发挥抗菌功效所需的浓度。
