Polivanova Oksana B, Bedarev Vladislav A
Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Street, Moscow 127550, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Nov 30;11(23):3313. doi: 10.3390/plants11233313.
Hyperhydricity is the most common physiological disorder in plant cultivation. It is characterized by certain anatomical, morphological, physiological, and metabolic disturbances. Hyperhydricity significantly complicates the use of cell and tissue culture in research, reduces the efficiency of clonal micropropagation and the quality of seedlings, prevents the adaptation of plants in vivo, and can lead to significant losses of plant material. This review considers the main symptoms and causes of hyperhydricity, such as oxidative stress, impaired nitrogen metabolism, and the imbalance of endogenous hormones. The main factors influencing the level of hyperhydricity of plants are the mineral and hormonal composition of a medium and cultivation conditions, in particular the aeration of cultivation vessels. Based on these factors, various approaches are proposed to eliminate hyperhydricity, such as varying the mineral and hormonal composition of the medium, the use of exogenous additives, aeration systems, and specific lighting. However, not all methods used are universal in eliminating the symptoms of hyperhydricity. Therefore, the study of hyperhydricity requires a comprehensive approach, and measures aimed at its elimination should be complex and species-specific.
玻璃化是植物栽培中最常见的生理失调现象。其特征为特定的解剖学、形态学、生理学和代谢紊乱。玻璃化显著增加了细胞和组织培养在研究中的应用难度，降低了克隆微繁殖的效率和幼苗质量，阻碍了植物在体内的适应过程，并可能导致植物材料的大量损失。本综述探讨了玻璃化的主要症状和成因，如氧化应激、氮代谢受损以及内源激素失衡。影响植物玻璃化程度的主要因素是培养基的矿物质和激素组成以及培养条件，特别是培养容器的通气情况。基于这些因素，提出了各种消除玻璃化的方法，如改变培养基的矿物质和激素组成、使用外源添加剂、通气系统和特定光照。然而，并非所有使用的方法在消除玻璃化症状方面都是通用的。因此，对玻璃化的研究需要综合方法，旨在消除玻璃化的措施应是复杂且针对特定物种的。
