Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 6;22(23):9521. doi: 10.3390/s22239521.
Changing the connection length of an additively manufactured electrode (AME) has a significant impact on the electrochemical and electroanalytical response of the system. In the literature, many electrochemical platforms have been produced using additive manufacturing with great variations in how the AME itself is described. It is seen that when measuring the near-ideal outer-sphere redox probe hexaamineruthenium (III) chloride (RuHex), decreasing the AME connection length enhances the heterogeneous electrochemical transfer (HET) rate constant (k0) for the system. At slow scan rates, there is a clear change in the peak-to-peak separation (Δ) observed in the RuHex voltammograms, with the Δ shifting from 118 ± 5 mV to 291 ± 27 mV for the 10 and 100 mm electrodes, respectively. For the electroanalytical determination of dopamine, no significant difference is noticed at low concentrations between 10- and 100-mm connection length AMEs. However, at concentrations of 1 mM dopamine, the peak oxidation is shifted to significantly higher potentials as the AME connection length is increased, with a shift of 150 mV measured. It is recommended that in future work, all AME dimensions, not just the working electrode head size, is reported along with the resistance measured through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to allow for appropriate comparisons with other reports in the literature. To produce the best additively manufactured electrochemical systems in the future, researchers should endeavor to use the shortest AME connection lengths that are viable for their designs.
改变增材制造电极（AME）的连接长度对系统的电化学和电分析响应有重大影响。在文献中，许多电化学平台已经使用增材制造生产，AME 本身的描述方式变化很大。当测量近理想的外球型氧化还原探针六氨合钌（III）氯化物（RuHex）时，研究表明，减小 AME 的连接长度可以提高体系的非均相电化学转移（HET）速率常数（k0）。在慢扫描速率下，RuHex 伏安图中观察到的峰-峰分离（Δ）明显变化，10 和 100mm 电极的Δ分别从 118±5mV 变为 291±27mV。对于多巴胺的电分析测定，在低浓度下，10-和 100-mm 连接长度 AME 之间没有明显差异。然而，在 1mM 多巴胺浓度下，随着 AME 连接长度的增加，峰氧化被转移到更高的电位，测量到 150mV 的偏移。建议在未来的工作中，除了报告通过电化学阻抗谱测量的电阻外，还应报告所有 AME 尺寸，而不仅仅是工作电极头尺寸，以便与文献中的其他报告进行适当比较。为了在未来生产出最佳的增材制造电化学系统，研究人员应该努力使用对其设计可行的最短 AME 连接长度。
