Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, 801 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
J Transl Med. 2022 Dec 12;20(1):584. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03785-x.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral health is associated with smoking and cardiovascular outcomes, but there are gaps in knowledge of many mechanisms connecting smoking to cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesize literature on smoking and the oral microbiome, and smoking and cardiovascular risk/disease, respectively. A secondary aim is to identify common associations between the oral microbiome and cardiovascular risk/disease to smoking, respectively, to identify potential shared oral microbiome-associated mechanisms. We identified several oral bacteria across varying studies that were associated with smoking. Atopobium, Gemella, Megasphaera, Mycoplasma, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Treponema, and Veillonella were increased, while Bergeyella, Haemophilus, Lautropia, and Neisseria were decreased in the oral microbiome of smokers versus non-smokers. Several bacteria that were increased in the oral microbiome of smokers were also positively associated with cardiovascular outcomes including Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema, and Veillonella. We review possible mechanisms that may link the oral microbiome to smoking and cardiovascular risk including inflammation, modulation of amino acids and lipids, and nitric oxide modulation. Our hope is this review will inform future research targeting the microbiome and smoking-related cardiovascular disease so possible microbial targets for cardiovascular risk reduction can be identified.
心血管疾病是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。口腔健康与吸烟和心血管结果有关，但吸烟与心血管风险之间的许多机制的知识存在差距。因此，本综述的目的是分别综合吸烟与口腔微生物组以及吸烟与心血管风险/疾病的文献。次要目的是确定口腔微生物组与心血管风险/疾病与吸烟之间的常见关联，以分别确定潜在的共同与口腔微生物组相关的机制。我们在不同的研究中发现了几种与吸烟有关的口腔细菌。与不吸烟者相比，在吸烟者的口腔微生物组中，Atopobium、Gemella、Megasphaera、Mycoplasma、Porphyromonas、Prevotella、Rothia、Treponema 和 Veillonella 增加，而 Bergeyella、Haemophilus、Lautropia 和 Neisseria 减少。在吸烟者的口腔微生物组中增加的几种细菌也与心血管结果呈正相关，包括 Porphyromonas、Prevotella、Treponema 和 Veillonella。我们回顾了可能将口腔微生物组与吸烟和心血管风险联系起来的机制，包括炎症、氨基酸和脂质的调节以及一氧化氮的调节。我们希望本综述将为针对微生物组和与吸烟相关的心血管疾病的未来研究提供信息，以便确定降低心血管风险的可能微生物靶标。
