Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 13;11(1):1113. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80937-3.
Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the effect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of different tobacco types and their effect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non-smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were significantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profiling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome.
吸烟是牙周病的一个风险因素，也是口腔微生物失调的一个原因。虽然这已经在传统香烟吸烟方面进行了评估，但关于其他烟草类型对口腔微生物组的影响的研究有限。本研究调查了不同烟草类型吸烟者的龈下微生物组组成及其对牙周健康的影响。从阿联酋沙迦大学牙科医院接受牙科治疗的 40 名个体中收集龈下菌斑，包括香烟、medwakh 或水烟的吸烟者，以及不吸烟者。使用牛津纳米孔技术对整个（~1500bp）16S rRNA 细菌基因进行完全扩增和测序。考虑到吸烟和牙周状况，对龈下微生物群的相对丰度和多样性进行了比较。在 medwakh 吸烟者中，几种病原体的相对丰度明显更高，如 P. denticola 和 Treponema sp. OMZ 838；在香烟吸烟者中，S. mutans 和 Veillonella dispar；在水烟吸烟者中，S. sanguinis 和 Tannerella forsythia。即使在无或轻度牙周炎的吸烟者中，龈下微生物组也发生了改变，这可能使他们更容易患上严重的牙周疾病。微生物组分析可以成为牙周病风险评估的有用工具。建议进行进一步的研究，以调查烟草戒断对牙周病进展和口腔微生物组的影响。
