Korenblum M, Golombek H, Marton P, Stein B
Adolescent Investigation Unit, C.M. Hincks Treatment Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
Can J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;32(5):362-7. doi: 10.1177/070674378703200507.
This study describes disturbed personality functioning in early adolescence. A non-clinical sample of 63 thirteen year olds underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview as part of a longitudinal study investigating the relationship between competence in personality functioning and development. The presence of personality disturbance was determined by two psychiatrists who rated the adolescents on a personality functions scale. The raters then described the type of disturbance using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Forty-six percent of the sample were found to have some degree of disturbed personality functioning. Of these, over one-half fell into a cluster comprised of avoidant, dependent, compulsive, or passive-aggressive types, while another third were characterized by antisocial tendencies. Severity of disturbance was not related to type of disturbance. Ratings of behaviour by teachers and parents supported the division of subjects with personality dysfunction into two broad groups: an anxious, fearful, "quiet" cluster; and a group of more "acting out", disturbing individuals. However, parents and teachers could not distinguish the "quiet" group from teenagers who were free of disturbed personality functioning. These data indicate that it is possible to classify a segment of a non-clinical population of young adolescents who had personality dysfunction using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Furthermore, such a group of teenagers is not homogeneous. They distribute themselves into internalizing and externalizing clusters.
本研究描述了青春期早期人格功能的紊乱。作为一项调查人格功能能力与发展之间关系的纵向研究的一部分，63名13岁青少年的非临床样本接受了半结构化精神科访谈。由两名精神科医生根据人格功能量表对青少年进行评分，以确定人格障碍的存在。然后，评估者以《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版》（DSM - III）的第二轴为指导描述障碍类型。发现46%的样本存在一定程度的人格功能紊乱。其中，超过一半属于由回避型、依赖型、强迫型或被动攻击型组成的类别，另有三分之一具有反社会倾向。障碍的严重程度与障碍类型无关。教师和家长对行为的评分支持将人格功能障碍的受试者分为两大类：一个是焦虑、恐惧、“安静”的类别；以及一组更具“外化行为”、令人困扰的个体。然而，家长和教师无法将“安静”组与没有人格功能紊乱的青少年区分开来。这些数据表明，有可能以《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版》（DSM - III）的第二轴为指导，对一部分存在人格功能障碍的青少年非临床人群进行分类。此外，这样一组青少年并非同质。他们分为内化和外化类别。
