State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Shandong University, Environment Research Institute, Qingdao 266237, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Jan;123:169-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.047. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives (NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter (PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . Average daily concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs were (78 ± 54) ng/m and (783 ± 684) pg/m, respectively. The concentrations of them were significantly higher at nighttime than at daytime, and NPAHs concentrations were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than PAHs concentrations. In the heating season, the dominant species of PAHs include benzo[b]fluoranthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene, while 9-nitroanthracene, 2+3-nitrofluoranthene, and 2-nitropyrene were dominant species for NPAHs. NPAHs were found to have a single peak during heating and to be primarily distributed in the 0.4-0.7 µm particle size. Primary emissions such as biomass burning, coal combustion, and traffic emissions were the major sources of PAHs. NPAHs were produced by the primary source of vehicle emissions and the secondary reaction triggered by OH radicals, as well as biomass burning during daytime. According to the health risk assessment, the total carcinogenic risk was higher in adults than in children. While upon oral ingestion, the carcinogenic risk in children was higher than that of adults, but the risk of adults was higher than children through skin contact and respiratory inhalation.
多环芳烃（PAHs）及其硝化衍生物（NPAHs）因其突出的致癌性和致突变性而引起持续关注。为了研究采暖季它们的日变化、来源、形成机制和健康风险评估，于 2017 年 12 月 26 日至 2018 年 1 月 17 日在北京城区采集了颗粒物（PM）。通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）定量分析了 PM 中的 PAHs 和 NPAHs。PAHs 和 NPAHs 的日平均浓度分别为（78±54）ng/m 和（783±684）pg/m。它们的浓度在夜间显著高于白天，NPAHs 的浓度比 PAHs 低 1-2 个数量级。在采暖季，PAHs 的主要物种包括苯并[b]荧蒽、荧蒽、芘和屈，而 NPAHs 的主要物种包括 9-硝基蒽、2+3-硝基荧蒽和 2-硝基芘。NPAHs 在采暖季呈单峰分布，主要分布在 0.4-0.7μm 粒径范围内。生物质燃烧、煤炭燃烧和交通排放等一次排放是 PAHs 的主要来源。NPAHs 是由车辆排放的一次源和 OH 自由基引发的二次反应以及白天的生物质燃烧产生的。根据健康风险评估，成人的总致癌风险高于儿童。虽然经口服摄入，儿童的致癌风险高于成人，但经皮肤接触和呼吸吸入，成人的风险高于儿童。
