Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Dec 3;14(12):849. doi: 10.3390/toxins14120849.
Microorganisms, virus, weeds, parasitic plants, insects, and nematodes are among the enemies that induce severe economic losses to agrarian production. Farmers have been forced to combat these enemies using different methods, including mechanical and agronomic strategies, since the beginning of agriculture. The development of agriculture, due to an increased request for food production, which is a consequence to the rapid and noteworthy growth of the world's population, requires the use of more efficient methods to strongly elevate the yield production. Thus, in the last five-to-six decades, a massive and extensive use of chemicals has occurred in agriculture, resulting in heavy negative consequences, such as the increase in environmental pollution and risks for human and animal health. These problems increased with the repetition of treatments, which is due to resistance that natural enemies developed against this massive use of pesticides. There are new control strategies under investigation to develop products, namely biopesticides, with high efficacy and selectivity but based on natural products which are not toxic, and which are biodegradable in a short time. This review is focused on the microbial and plant metabolites with nematocidal activity with potential applications in suitable formulations in greenhouses and fields.
微生物、病毒、杂草、寄生植物、昆虫和线虫是农业生产中导致严重经济损失的主要敌人。自农业开始以来，农民就一直被迫使用各种方法来对抗这些敌人，包括机械和农业策略。由于对粮食生产的需求增加，农业得到了发展，这是世界人口快速显著增长的结果，需要使用更有效的方法来大幅提高产量。因此，在过去的五到六十年中，农业中大量广泛地使用了化学物质，导致了严重的负面后果，如环境污染加剧和对人类和动物健康的风险增加。这些问题随着处理次数的增加而加剧，这是由于自然敌人对这种大规模使用杀虫剂产生了抗性。目前正在研究新的控制策略，以开发具有高效性和选择性的产品，即生物农药，这些产品基于不易产生毒性且在短时间内可生物降解的天然产品。本文综述了具有杀线虫活性的微生物和植物代谢产物，这些产物具有在温室和田间应用的潜力。
