Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Dec 20;19(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01399-6.
Physical activity is good for people's health. The relationship between the built environment and physical activity has been well documented. However, evidence is both scarce and scattered on specific urban interventions, i.e., intentional redesigns of the built environment that promote physical activity accompanied by pre- and post-effect measurement. This umbrella review aims to synthesize the findings of systematic reviews focused on these urban interventions. We followed the PRISMA 2020 and JBI umbrella review protocol guidelines and searched seven databases covering the period between Jan 2010 and April 2022 using keywords relating to the built environment, health, physical activity, and interventions. This yielded seven systematic reviews, in which we identified several urban interventions that can promote physical activity. We found positive effects of urban interventions on physical activity regarding park renovations, adding exercise equipment, introducing a (new) pocket park, improving cycling environments, improving walking & cycling environments, as well as multi-component initiatives for active travel and enhancing the availability & accessibility of destinations. The findings suggest that the urban environment can effectively promote physical activity, especially by adding various facilities and destinations and by making the environment better suitable for active use.
身体活动有益于人们的健康。建筑环境与身体活动之间的关系已得到充分证实。然而，关于具体的城市干预措施（即旨在促进身体活动并伴有干预前后测量的建筑环境的有目的重新设计）的证据既稀缺又分散。本综述旨在综合关注这些城市干预措施的系统评价的结果。我们遵循 PRISMA 2020 和 JBI 综述指南，并使用与建筑环境、健康、身体活动和干预相关的关键词，在 2010 年 1 月至 2022 年 4 月期间在七个数据库中进行了搜索。这产生了七个系统评价，我们在其中确定了几种可以促进身体活动的城市干预措施。我们发现，公园翻新、增加运动设备、引入（新）口袋公园、改善自行车环境、改善步行和自行车环境以及多组件主动出行促进措施以及增加目的地的可用性和可及性等城市干预措施对身体活动具有积极影响。研究结果表明，城市环境可以有效地促进身体活动，特别是通过增加各种设施和目的地，并使环境更适合积极使用。
