Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 1;12(12):1105. doi: 10.3390/bios12121105.
The quantitative detection of critical biomolecules and in particular low-abundance biomarkers in biofluids is crucial for early-stage diagnosis and management but remains a challenge largely owing to the insufficient sensitivity of existing ensemble-sensing methods. The single-particle imaging technique has emerged as an important tool to analyze ultralow-abundance biomolecules by engineering and exploiting the distinct physical and chemical property of individual luminescent particles. In this review, we focus and survey the latest advances in single-particle optical imaging (OSPI) for ultrasensitive bioanalysis pertaining to basic biological studies and clinical applications. We first introduce state-of-the-art OSPI techniques, including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemiluminescence, and dark-field scattering, with emphasis on the contributions of various metal and nonmetal nano-labels to the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. During the discussion of individual techniques, we also highlight their applications in spatial-temporal measurement of key biomarkers such as proteins, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles with single-entity sensitivity. To that end, we discuss the current challenges and prospective trends of single-particle optical-imaging-based bioanalysis.
定量检测生物体液中的关键生物分子，特别是低丰度生物标志物，对于早期诊断和治疗至关重要，但由于现有集成传感方法的灵敏度不足，这仍然是一个挑战。单粒子成像技术通过工程设计和利用单个发光粒子的独特物理和化学性质，已成为分析超低丰度生物分子的重要工具。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍和调查了单粒子光学成像（OSPI）在基础生物学研究和临床应用中用于超灵敏生物分析的最新进展。我们首先介绍了最先进的 OSPI 技术，包括荧光、表面增强拉曼散射、电致化学发光和暗场散射，并重点介绍了各种金属和非金属纳米标记物对提高信噪比的贡献。在讨论各个技术时，我们还强调了它们在关键生物标志物（如蛋白质、核酸和细胞外囊泡）的时空测量中的应用，具有单实体灵敏度。为此，我们讨论了基于单粒子光学成像的生物分析目前的挑战和未来的趋势。
