Rosi Alice, Calestani Maria Vittoria, Parrino Liborio, Milioli Giulia, Palla Luigi, Volta Elio, Brighenti Furio, Scazzina Francesca
Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Jun 6;9(6):579. doi: 10.3390/nu9060579.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has risen greatly worldwide. Diet and poor physical activity are the two risk factors usually examined, but epidemiological evidence exists suggesting a link between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in children. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship among body mass index (BMI), diet quality, physical activity level, and sleep duration in 690 children attending the 5th grade in primary schools (9-11 years old) in the city of Parma (Italy) involved in the Giocampus educational program. This was achieved through (i) measuring anthropometric data to compute body mass index; (ii) administering a food questionnaire to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED score); and (iii) administering a lifestyle questionnaire to classify children physical activity level (PAL), sleep duration, and school achievement. A highly significant negative association was found between BMI and sleep hours. Moreover, there was a significant positive association between PAL and KIDMED scores. No evidence was found of association between BMI and PAL, nor between BMI and KIDMED score. Data from this study established that BMI is correlated to gender and sleep duration, defining sleep habits as one of the factors linked to overweight and obesity.
全球范围内，儿童超重和肥胖的患病率大幅上升。饮食和缺乏体育活动是通常会被研究的两个风险因素，但有流行病学证据表明儿童的睡眠时间与超重/肥胖之间存在联系。本研究的目的是描述参与“Giocampus”教育项目的意大利帕尔马市690名五年级小学生（9至11岁）的体重指数（BMI）、饮食质量、身体活动水平和睡眠时间之间的关系。这是通过以下方式实现的：（i）测量人体测量数据以计算体重指数；（ii）发放食物问卷以评估对地中海饮食的依从性（儿童地中海饮食依从性量表得分）；（iii）发放生活方式问卷以对儿童的身体活动水平（PAL）、睡眠时间和学业成绩进行分类。研究发现BMI与睡眠时间之间存在高度显著的负相关。此外，PAL与儿童地中海饮食依从性量表得分之间存在显著正相关。未发现BMI与PAL之间、BMI与儿童地中海饮食依从性量表得分之间存在关联。本研究数据表明，BMI与性别和睡眠时间相关，将睡眠习惯定义为与超重和肥胖相关的因素之一。
