Department of Psychology, Özyeğin University, Çekmeköy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey.
Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 12;19(24):16691. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416691.
Numerous variables affect motivation in physical activity (PA) with culture being an understudied variable. Self-determination theory's basic psychological needs (BPN) includes a combination of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in PA; however, cultural definitions pit autonomy and relatedness against each other. Thus, this study aims to investigate the moderating role of culture on relationships between BPN, goal orientations (ego, task) for PA, and PA behavior. A survey was implemented to 168 participants (109 females, 59 males; 92 Turks, 76 Americans) investigating students' self-construal type, their basic psychological needs in exercise (BPNES), PA levels (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire/GLTEQ), and goal orientation types (Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire/TEOSQ). Turks ( = 92) and Americans ( = 76) demonstrated distinct cultural differences in terms of the study variables. American students were more autonomous, task-oriented, and physically active than Turkish students. Results from the multi-group path analysis showed that there was a moderating role of culture between predictors (i.e., BPN Autonomy, BPN Relatedness, BPN Competence, Ego Orientation, and Task Orientation) and Physical Activity. Such that, the paths from predictors (i.e., BPNT Autonomy, BPNT Relatedness, BPNT Competence, Ego Orientation, and Task Orientation) to PA was not significant in Turkish cultural context. Results suggest that culturally tailored approaches to PA interventions are critical in supporting motivation for physical activity and further research is needed to explore different culturally relevant motivational drivers for PA among adults.
许多变量会影响体育活动（PA）中的动机，而文化是一个研究较少的变量。自我决定理论的基本心理需求（BPN）包括 PA 中的自主性、能力和相关性的结合；然而，文化定义使自主性和相关性相互对立。因此，本研究旨在探讨文化对 BPN、PA 目标取向（自我、任务）与 PA 行为之间关系的调节作用。一项调查针对 168 名参与者（109 名女性，59 名男性；92 名土耳其人，76 名美国人）进行，调查了学生的自我建构类型、运动中的基本心理需求（BPNES）、PA 水平（Godin 休闲时间运动问卷/GLTEQ）和目标取向类型（运动中的任务和自我定向问卷/TEOSQ）。土耳其人（n=92）和美国人（n=76）在研究变量方面表现出明显的文化差异。美国学生比土耳其学生更自主、任务导向、积极参与 PA。多组路径分析的结果表明，文化在预测因素（即 BPN 自主性、BPN 相关性、BPN 能力、自我定向和任务定向）与 PA 之间存在调节作用。即，在土耳其文化背景下，预测因素（即 BPNT 自主性、BPNT 相关性、BPNT 能力、自我定向和任务定向）与 PA 之间的路径不显著。结果表明，针对 PA 干预措施的文化定制方法对于支持体育活动的动机至关重要，需要进一步研究探索成年人中不同的、与文化相关的 PA 动机驱动因素。
